Intro
You can listen to my video explanation herein. Alexander Russell Webb was never an Ahmadi, however, he was financed by Ahmadi’s and was eventually accused of embezzlement and fraud (see Dannin too, pages 43-44 and American newspapers). He seems to have been a rational type of Muslim like Sir Syed and even admired him (See “A Muslim in Victorian America” by Abd-Allah)(see “The three Lectures of Alexander Webb”). It should also be noted that Mufti Muhammad Sadiq and other Ahmadi editors lied about white converts to Ahmadiyya from Europe and America.
In 1886, Webb read an announcement in the Theosophist magazine (located in Madras, India and via Henry Stell Olcott) and came across the challenge of MGA about 10,000 rupees if anyone could refute the Barahin-i-Ahmadiyya. Soon thereafter, he seems to have wrote letters to MGA in Qadian and MGA had them published them in his book, (Shahna’-e-Haq, 1887-1888 era). Shortly thereafter, Webb declared himself a Muslim. The original letter that was written by Webb to MGA is totally missing (See “A Muslim in Victorian America” by Abd-Allah).
In 1887, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was selling this “Barahin-i-Ahmadiyya” in the New York Tribune of March-1887 (See “Religious Jottings,” New York Tribune, March 27, 1887, page 11, via Bowen). Per Bowen, it was Alexander Webb who got this published! Furthermore, in this advertisement, MGA is saying that he is under the protection of the British Government!!! MGA is grateful to the colonist, in fact, MGA called them a temporal Khalifa! Moreover, MGA gives a ridiculous challenge of asking people to pay 200 rupees before they come to Qadian and promising them a sign (See Bowen, A History of Conversion to Islam in the United States, Volume 1, White American Muslims before 1975).
In 1887 (Oct-6) and after his correspondence with MGA, the President of the United States (Grover Cleveland) appointed Alexander B. Webb of Missouri to the US consul at Manila (Philippines)(See the Bethany Democrat of Thu, Oct 06, 1887 ·Page 6).
In 1887-1888, MGA published his correspondence with Webb in Shahne-e-Haqq pages 372 and 439.
In roughly 1888-1889, Webb allegedly converted to Ahmadiyya (Webb called it Islam). Bowen quoted a letter from June 21, 1892, in a letter to Eugene Field, Webb states: “I have been a Moslem for over three years”; see Eugene Field Correspondence, Box 1 Folder 3, University of Chicago Library. For other estimates of the date of his conversion, see Abd-Allah, A Muslim, 66. Coincidentally, MGA began accepting bait in March-1889, the list of the first 40 converts is totally missing from the records. Was Webb listed therein? Interestingly, in 2023, Maulvi Azhar Haneef said that it’s unclear whether Alexander Webb was an Ahmadi or not, there is no evidence that proves that Webb was an Ahmadi (See 1:18:00 time stamp and this tik tok). It should be noted that Jane Smith argued (See Jane Smith, “Islam in America“) that Alexander Russel Webb’s letters to MGA were the: “key to his conversion to Islam”, however, Smith didn’t have access to the wealth of data that we have in 2022.
In 1891, he wrote letters to the Allahabad review wherein he praised Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.
In 1892, Haji Abdullah Arab (see “Mujadid-e-Azim”, by Dr. Basharat Ahmad) enters the story, and even went to the Philippines to visit him (see “The three Lectures of Alexander Webb”). In March of 1892, Haji Abdullah Arab visited Webb in Manila (See The New York Times of Sun, Dec 01, 1895 ·Page 21). Per Maulvi Hassan Ali, Haji Abdullah Arab convinced Alexander Webb to quit his job as the “Consul General” in the Philippines and travel to India and then to the USA and start preaching Islam. He landed in British-India (Calcutta), India on Oct 2nd, 1892 (See Singleton) and met up with Moulvi Hasan Ali Sahib Bhagalpuri. Moulvi Hasan Ali accompanied Mr. Webb during his 3 Lectures in Madras, Hyderabad (Deccan) and Bombay (Thursday evening, 10th November, 1892). A man named Badrudin Abdulla Kur Esq. also had the Bombay lecture published. It’s unclear when and where Moulvi Hasan Ali Sahib Bhagalpuri became an Ahmadi, he is listed in 1896 in the famous list of 313 Ahmadi’s (see Dard)(see Tareekh Ahmadiyyat Vol 1 Page 307). He then travelled North-west to Agra, most likely via train, and made it to Lahore (See Hassan Ali). He was in British-India from Oct 2nd to Dec-15th 1892. Allegedly, in 1892, Webb refused to meet MGA (see page 24, Singleton). He also met up with Haji Abdullah Arab (see “Mujadid-e-Azim”, by Dr. Basharat Ahmad). Ahmadiyya sources allege that Haji Abdullah Arab and Maulvi Hassan Ali, both of whom had advised against meeting MGA, later accepted him and became his companions. Maulvi Hassan Ali later published a book, Taeed-e-Haq (Corroboration of the Truth) in which he narrated the entire account of Webb’s visit to India. The Lahori-Ahmadi’s even claim that Haji Abdullah Arab went to Qadian in 1892 and told him about Webb and how Islam in America was about to be launched (see “Mujadid-e-Azim”, by Dr. Basharat Ahmad). Thus, Webb was around people who knew of MGA and willingly decided to avoid MGA altogether. Webb also worked with a Burmese Muslim named Abdul Kareem Abdul Shakur Jamal (See Singleton). Interestingly, in this era, he called Indians as niggers, (See “A Muslim in Victorian America” by Abd-Allah, pages 135-136). Robert Dannin argued that Webb never made any public mention of MGA, nor did any part of Ahmadiyya eschatology appear in Webb’s writings (See “Black Pilgrimage” by Dannin). Abd-Allah reported that Webb gave some strange comments to the New York Herald (he doesn’t give dates) about Jesus (as), he even mentioned something about Jesus in India.
In 1892, Webb’s journals record the following travels: Vol. 1: Manila, Aug. 29-Sept. 6 (pp. 1-10); ocean travel, Sept. 6-13 (9-23); Singapore, Sept. 14-21 (24-64); ocean travel, Sept. 21-28 (64-80) with a visit at Penang, Sept. 23-25 (66-74); Rangoon, Burma, Sept. 28-Oct. 9 (80-113); ocean travel, Oct. 9-12 (113-122); Calcutta Oct. 12-19 (122-142); Vol. 2: Calcutta, Oct. 20-23 (pp. 1-11); Patna, Oct. 23-24 (11-15); Benares, Oct. 25-26 (15-19); Bombay, Oct. 28-Nov. 17 (21-54); Poona, Nov. 17-19 (56-62); Hyderabad, Nov. 20-Dec. 8 (65-120); Madras, Dec. 10-12 (127-140); and Agra, Dec. 15 (143-144). Travel inside India was by train, of which Webb gave some interesting descriptions.
In 1892 (Dec-25), the Chicago Tribune of Sun, Dec 25, 1892 ·Page 12 already knew that Webb was planning a mission to the USA and mentioned his connection with Henry Olcott and Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, often known as Madame Blavatsky, was a Russian and American mystic and writer who co-founded the Theosophical Society in 1875. The Chicago Tribune already knows that a Mosque is proposed.
In 1893 (Feb-16), Webb arrived in NY from overseas (See Abd-Allah, Kinde edition).
In 1893 (Feb-25), Webb’s mission was published in The New York Times of Sat, Feb 25, 1893 ·Page 1. In this, Webb admits to still being a member of the Theosophical society, and still a follower of Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, often known as Madame Blavatsky, was a Russian and American mystic and writer who co-founded the Theosophical Society in 1875. She gained an international following as the primary founder of Theosophy as a belief system. Webb alleged that Theosophy and esoteric Muhammadanism are almost identical. Webb then says that practical Muhammadanism is different. The newspaper also alleged that Webb was a Jeweler in Chicago and that Webb is supposed to build a mosque in America with 150,000 from the Muslims of Madras, India.
In 1893 (May-28), The New York Times of Sun, May 28, 1893 ·Page 4 reports that the first edition of the “Moslem World” was published on May-12-1893, it is 16 pages. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch of Sun, May 28, 1893 ·Page 10 reported the same and added that Syed Ameer Ali had an essay in it about the misconceptions of the Islamic Heaven and something about a lack sexuality (a sensuous paradise). It also explains how a photo of the Juma Mosque or Cathedral Mosque is given on the cover of the “Moslem World”. Webb also seems to have published some poetry therein. In The Inter Ocean of Sun, May 28, 1893 ·Page 24, alcohol use in Islam was discussed (total abstinence?).
In 1893, he returned to the USA and wrote his famous book, “Islam in America”. Webb was also in contact with the Bahai’s. He also was the sole representative of Islam at the Parliament of World Religions in 1893. He also wrote and published his famous book, “A Guide to Namaz” (1893). Dr. Basharat Ahmad claims that he was in Qadian in 1906 and saw a letter of regret from Webb addressed to MGA about not meeting him in 1892 (this seems to be a total lie)(see “Mujadid-e-Azim”, by Dr. Basharat Ahmad and Gilham). In 1893, Webb’s lectures in Bombay and Calcutta was re-published by The Mohammadan Tract and Book Depot, as well as 3 letters from Badrudin Abdulla Kur and Webb. Abdullah Quilliam has a brief statement too wherein he tells Muslims to give up the idea of Jihad. It also has an interview of Webb from a newspaper correspondent. In 1893, The Mohammadan Tract and Book Depot, Punjab published “The Propagation of Islam”, A Lecture Delivered in English by Nawab Mohsan-ul-Mulk Bahadur (1893). The future plans of spreading Islam in America are laid out, Alexander Webb, Haji Abdullah Arab and Maulvi Hassan Ali are mentioned. On page 46, they allege that Webb is trustworthy and won’t steal the money.
In 1893 (Aug-1) Lant and Webb seemed to have developed a genuine respect for one another’s work, and both men’s families interacted socially. Early in the relationship, Lant wrote to Webb, ‘If all your friends and inquirers would say a word you would have a great deal more than you could read . . . I hope you will not give way under the pressure and will ever be inspired by the importance and benefits to come from your mission. Your task seems audacious and Herculean, but it is a task I am free to admit has its merits even in enlightened America (See John A. Lant to Mohammed A. R. Webb, 1 August 1893, John A. Lant Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St Louis, MO., Via Singleton).
In 1893 (Sep-3), the St. Louis Globe-Democrat of Sun, Sep 03, 1893 ·Page 30 called Webb as “Islam’s Champion” and gave his conversion to Islam story. The headlines allege that Webb’s studies in Manila and his reception in India made him convert to Islam. The newspaper also alleges that the origin of Webb as a missionary as a valid idea will also be told and how Webb plans to spread Islam in America via the benefits of polygamy. In the article, Webb is interviewed, Webb alleges to have made more converts in America than any Christian missionary in any foreign country. Webb alleges to have started “study” circles in Colorado, NY and Washington DC. Webb alleges that his converts have converted to Islam on their own, Webb has not seen many of these alleged converts. Webb alleges that as early as 1885, he had secured the job as American consul in Manila. Webb alleges that he studied Islam while in Manila and converted alone. Webb admits to being funded by Indians. Webb alleges to not be the first ex-Christian turned Muslim and mentions Quilliam and his mosque in Liverpool and alleges that they have a membership of 800. Webb says that he met Haji Abullah Arab through Budrudin Abdullah Kur, Webb alleges to have converted to Islam 4 years prior (1889, he would have been in Manila). Budrudin Abdullah Kur is a member of the municipal council in Bombay. Webb says that he had been corresponding with Budrudin Abdullah Kur while in Manila. In March of 1892, Webb says he was visited in Manila by Haji Abdullah Arab and Maulvi Seraj uddin Ahmad. Webb was requested to make a budget of costs for a mission in America. At which point, Haji Abdullah Arab and Maulvi Seraj uddin Ahmad returned to India and collected the monies. They then sent Webb a letter and Webb immediately came to Bombay, India. Thus, a committee was formed with a man named Hajee Nur Jan Mohammed as the President. Webb then alleges to have arrived in Calcutta and was greeted by 5000 Muslim men. Webb alleges that the British government sent spies to watch him. Webb alleges to have went to the Madrassa College in Calcutta and gave a speech. However, the local authorities stopped all of this and Webb found a bungalow from where he spoke and people met him. Webb alleges to have travelled to Hyderabad (Deccan) thereafter and was received well, in fact, Webb alleges that the prince of Hyderabad (Deccan) regularly entertains notable Europeans. Webb says he was in Hyderabad (Deccan) for 3 weeks, however, he never met the prince and commented that the British Government watches him via spies when he eats. Webb says that the prince is totally controlled by the British government. Webb alleges to have lectured in the state pavilion at Hyderabad (Deccan) in the public gardens and got huge ovations. Webb also alleges to have spoke at the Great mosque in Hyderabad (Deccan) and Indians were ready to die for him. Webb alleges that the British Government has totally brainwashed Indians to believe that the Russians will attack at anytime, thus, the British aren’t that bad, even though the taxes are really high. Webb explains how the majority of the population at Hyderabad (Deccan) are Buddhist and Hindu’s and with the British if the Muslims ever revolted. Webb says he doesn’t teach polygamy. Webb argues that in America, women are homeless and living on the streets and thus polygamy would be better. Webb alleges that most Muslims only acknowledge one wife and the others are simply wives. Webb then alleges that his friend and financier, Haji Abdullah Arab was the son of a rich man and gave away all of his money to charity. Haji Abullah Arab was then homeless. However, everything changed recently and he became rich again and has homes in Calcutta, Jeddah and Medina. Webb alleges that Haji Abdullah Arab owns several iron steamers via a Hajj business. Webb says that he expects the arrival of a new helper named Mullah Mirza Khan next week as well as his team, which includes a Hafiz, an English clerk, a Maulvi and a cook. Webb says that this other visitors are Hajee Rahmatullah, Hajee Dawood, Maulvi Hassan Ali. Additionally, Webb alleges that some other people might come, Hajee Mohammed Abdus Salam of Madras (he is a wealthy merchant and his brother is the Turkish council), Jan Mohammed is another potential visitor, and a rich merchant of Calcutta and another person, Hajee Haroon Joffer Yusuf, a wealthy merchant from Poona. Webb alleges that when he arrived in Burma, some Muslims asked him to take the name of Abdullah, however, he arrived in India and ended up taking the name of Muhammad. Webb confirmed that Muhammad (Saw) was the comforter that was described in the Bible by Jesus (as) and would come specifically after the death of Jesus (as).
In 1893 (Sep), Webb’s attempt to discredit Lant aroused the ire of the latter’s longtime associates, who saw the Comstock affair as a politically motivated witch-hunt. Webb knew that Lant had more or less been wronged in the case, and he himself despised Comstock’s tactics, calling his efforts “blind bigotry.” Yet he still tried to use the episode to discredit Lant in the press as a former criminal (See “Unjust discrimination,” Moslem World, September 1893, p. 12., Via Singleton).
In 1893 (Oct-8), The New York Times of Sun, Oct 08, 1893 ·Page 21 reported that Mr. Webb had opened his “Moslem Temple” and was planning to open a “School of Morality”. Alexander Russell Webb, who recently returned to the USA from a long tour in Asia and intent on spreading Islam in America. It is reported that Webb has opened his Moslem Temple for his public lectures at 458 West 20th St, attendance was reported as “fair”. Emin Nabakoff, one of Mr. Webb’s associates was wearing a roomy fez, Webb was also wearing the fez. John H. Lant (a new student of Islam) was there too, Leon Landsburg spoke on the morality, honesty and sobriety of Islamic life. Webb emphatically stated that he was not on a mission to get mass converts to Islam. Webb alleged that Islamic life was higher in morals. Webb proposes to open a “School of Morality”, which would be free to the public as well as free literature. Webb announces that there will be meetings every Friday evening as well as informal talks on Sunday afternoon. Webb proposes to create circles of 5 people which can help someone remain morally upright.
In 1893 (Nov), as late as November, Webb was preparing to send Lant to India as a representative of the Moslem World Publishing Company, stating, “I have full confidence in Mr. Lant and believe him to be reliable and trustworthy in every respect.” Nonetheless, by early December, Lant and Nabakoff had broken away and established their own rival organization (See Mohammed A. R. Webb to Messrs Strong & Trowbridge, 21 October 1893, John A. Lant Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St Louis, MO via Singleton).
In 1893 (Dec-11), via the New York Herald of Mon, Dec 11, 1893 ·Page 1, Islam in Union Square is reported on. Allegedly, Muezzin Nabakoff (aka Emin L. Nabakoff), gave the adhan (call to prayer). The headline tells the world that there seems to be a split in the white Moslems of New York, however, Webb says that he is the only Sheikh with the money and the others don’t count. On Dec-10-1893, at 10am, at 8 Union Square, NY, on the top of a stoop of an unpretentious brick building, was a grey bearded and of full figure was Emin L. Nabakoff, he recited the adhan. Muhammad Webb has called Nabakoff a fakir. A split in the white Moslem community is expected. It is mentioned how Islam in America has been financed by Haji Abdullah Arab (allegedly a merchant prince from Jeddah). The newspaper mentions how this money was used to start the Moslem World newspaper and the offices at 458 W. 20th St, Ny, NY. The newspaper explains how Webb isn’t interested in holding the 5 daily prayers, instead, Webb gives lectures on Friday evenings and on Sunday, meetings of inquiry are held. Western tours are being made by Webb’s team. Within a few weeks, 4 teachers from India will be arriving and will help Webb with translations. Webb is not alarmed by Emin L. Nabakoff and his break-away group of white Moslems. Webb explains how he met Emin L. Nabakoff, Webb alleges that Nabakoff is 45 years old and is Russian and was vouched for by Quilliam. Webb even alleges that Quilliam is running an office for Webb in Liverpool. Webb accuses Nabakoff of being a “nickel-in-the-slot machine” which would yield a love letters and fortunes. Webb alleges to have received letters of warning about Nabakoff too. Webb alleges that he told Nabakoff to “get-lost” and he hadn’t heard from him until his adhan in Union Square. Webb also mentions John A. Lant and how he “conveniently” converted to pseudo-Islam when he heard how much money Webb had been given. Webb alleges that the newspaper reported that Webb had been given 100k and even 1 million (however, the currency is not mentioned, dollars or rupees?). Webb alleges that Lant showed up looking for work and is from Tarrytown, wherein he was running a newspaper. Webb alleges that Lant wanted $25 a week as salary and Webb refused, which caused Lant to leave and now team up with Nabakoff (aka the Union Square Movement). Webb is called “Sheikh ul Islam” in the USA. Webb scoffed at the adhan at 10am and called it blasphemy. Webb explains how 10am is never time for any daily prayer. Webb confessed that the daily prayers are not offered at his business offices. The Turkish consul in NY had heard about this meeting in Union square and sent a representative, who eventually made it to Webb’s office (See also Democrat and Chronicle of Tue, Dec 12, 1893 ·Page 9)(See also Passaic Daily Herald of Mon, Dec 11, 1893 ·Page 1)(See also The Atlanta Journal of Sat, Dec 16, 1893 ·Page 6)(See also the Stamford Advocate of Mon, Dec 11, 1893 ·Page 2)(See also The Times of Mon, Dec 11, 1893 ·Page 3)(See also the Mount Vernon Argus of Mon, Dec 11, 1893 ·Page 2)(See also The Waterbury Democrat of Mon, Dec 11, 1893 ·Page 4).
In 1893 (Dec-11), via the Chicago Tribune of Mon, Dec 11, 1893 ·Page 2, Emin L. Nabakoff and John A. Lant are mentioned extensively as separate from Webb. Nabakoff delivered a lecture on “The progress of Islamism in the United States,” much of which the press dubbed as an attack on “Christian beliefs in unmeasured terms”. Webb had commented on Nabakoff‘s attacks on Christianity, stating that they were “most reprehensible,” did not represent the views of good Muslims, and were hurting the cause of Islam.
In 1893 (Dec-18), via The New York Times of Mon, Dec 18, 1893 ·Page 1, it is reported that Mr. Emin Nabakoff gave the adhan again from a 3rd story window at 8 Union Square. This organization is called “The Society for the Study of Islam”. Prayers were allegedly performed, after the prayer, two lectures given were “Pecuniary prayer, or alms giving” and “Cleanliness is
next to godliness.” It was also mentioned how Webb had ridiculed this break-away movement (via Singleton).
In 1893 (Dec-29), via The Morning Journal-Courier of Fri, Dec 29, 1893 ·Page 1, the Mohammedan propaganda seems to making some progress. Emin L. Nabakoff (a Russian) keeps giving the adhan out of windows on Sunday in Union Square. The literary work of Webb is also mentioned. People who hear the Adhan go into a room to hear a lecture. The newspaper alleges that these white Moslem’s have been facing a backlash over Islam and women. The newspaper reports that Muhammad (Saw) had said that the majority of people in Hell will be women and in heaven, there will be black eyed women ready for sex. However, these white Moslems argued that salvation was for men and women. Nabakoff argued that the Quran doesn’t say that women have no soul. Nabakoff argued that polygamy is vanishing in Islamic lands under western supervision, Nabakoff also argued that whether a Muslim marries 1 or 4 wives, they will be held in esteem. The newspaper alleges a story wherein Muhammad (Saw) told an old woman that only young women were allowed in heaven.
In 1893 (Dec-31), via The St. Joseph Herald of Sun, Dec 31, 1893 ·Page 4 (of St. Joseph, Missouri) it is reported about Islam in New York City. However, Mohammed Alexander Webb has nothing to do with it. Instead, a Russian man named Emin L. Nabakoff gives the Adhan every Sunday from the windows of 8 Union Square. From the streets, people hear the adhan and are ushered into a Hall. Nabakoff recently gave a lecture on Women in Islam and how salvation was equal for men and women in Islam. Nabakoff argued that if the Quran said that women have no soul, the Quran would be worthless. The newspaper makes a note how in George Sale’s English translation of the Quran, there is no such inference. Nabakoff argued that polygamy was vanishing in Islamic lands. Nabakoff argued that whether a man had 1 or 4 wives, they would all be respected and held in esteem (See also The News and Observer of Sat, Dec 30, 1893 ·Page 1).
In 1894 (Jan-5), the Epitaph-News of Fri, Jan 05, 1894 ·Page 5 ran a story wherein it inferred that maybe Mohammedanism was a religious solution for the problem of the southern Negro. It is stated that the southern Negro is morally ignorant and a religion which combined Buddhism and Islam could be beneficial. Webb’s mission is also stated (See also The Piqua Daily Call of Sat, Aug 18, 1894 ·Page 8)(See also the Tri-County Independent of Fri, Apr 20, 1894 ·Page 3).
In 1894 (Jan-5), when reports of the split between American Muslims reached abroad, the news discomforted most observers. Webb’s original backers never fully supported either party in the
quarrel, hoping instead for reconciliation. Upon hearing the news of the split, Hajee Abdulla Arab wrote to Lant, “[I] am very glad to see that you have also made a firm resolution of propagating the Islam in America. If you and Mr. Webb would conduct this missionary work together, it would I suppose, bring forth a more happy and satisfactory result than what your single, and individual efforts would do (See Haji Abdulla Arab to John A. Lant, 5 January 1894, John A. Lant Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St Louis, MO., via Singleton). A few weeks later, Haji Abdulla Arab was displeased with insults that Webb leveled at Lant. He wrote: As to Mr. Webb’s strictures against you, you must not be dejected at heart—our brother Webb is a plain hearted gentleman, and having no sufficient funds at his command he sometimes loses the presence of mind—but you, through the favor of God, are not so. You are possessed of means and firmness of character. From such a man much can be expected—I trust therefore you will not go against Mr. Webb in matters of religion. In that respect you & him are one and the same, and must therefore work together. Otherwise the Christian missionaries will make capital of this split (See Hajee Abdulla Arab to John A. Lant, 25 January 1894 and 5 January 1894, John A. Lant Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St Louis, MO., via Singleton).
In 1894 (Jan-15), finally, even domestic sentiment favored unity. A. L. Rawson, an associate of both Lant and Webb, wrote, “Harmony ought to prevail in the ranks when so much depends on friends to push the good cause in its infancy” (See A. R. Rawson to John A. Lant, 15 January 1894, John A. Lant Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St Louis, MO., via Singleton).
In 1894 (Jan-22), via The New York Times of Mon, Jan 22, 1894 ·Page 5, there is a report on Mr. Nabakoff found an adversary in Paul Behman, a persian and a Christian. Nabakoff isn’t working with Webb anymore.
In 1894 (Feb-15), the Oakland Enquirer of Thu, Feb 15, 1894 ·Page 4 reports that Webb was a speaker at the Great Conference of Religions in 1893 in Chicago (See also The Sioux City Journal of Wed, Jan 31, 1894 ·Page 7).
In 1894 (Mar-16), Hajee Riazudin Ahmed and his colleague Mirza Birjis Kader were influential Indian supporters of Islamic missionary activities in the West. Kader wrote to Lant, “my religionists are forming various opinions regarding the dissension that has taken place between you and Mr. Mahamad Webb. All of the Mohamadans of India feel discontented with the procedure of propagating Islam in America but as for me I pray sincerely daily that God may help you and prosper you in your hard undertaking (See Mirza Birjis Kader to John A. Lant, 16 March 1894, John A. Lant Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St Louis, MO., via Singleton). Explaining the situation in India, Snow wrote, “The Committee here seems tied to Webb & altho’ they distrust him are afraid to now own that they have been deceived or our people here will hold him responsible & they fear political complications. Quilliam writes me clearly that Webb is not to be trusted & gives good reasons . . . I have suggested to Hajee Abdulla Arab . . . that if he and Webb effect a reconciliation it should be on the condition that duties should be separated & you have charge of funds.” He further wrote, “M’d Webb has also written to Hajee Riazudin Ahmed repenting his conversion, saying that he has lost a lucrative post & is now about [to] starve, Lie! This does not show any delicacy of feeling let alone Islamic spirit” (See Hamid Snow to John A. Lant, 16 March 1894, John A. Lant Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St Louis, MO.,via Singleton).
In 1894 (Mar-19), The Boston Globe of Mon, Mar 19, 1894 ·Page 8 reported that Webb was in Boston and spoke to Christian clergy at Channing Hall (a well known center of Unitarianism). The headlines tell the world that Webb is against Polygamy and called it an unmitigated curse. Webb gave a lecture on “The Higher Phases of This Life”. Webb also said that he never supported polygamy and news reports to this effect from Chicago are wrong. Webb argued that Muslims believe in Jesus (as) and Muhammad (saw) and other prophets and other scriptures. Webb argued that Muhammad (saw) only made laws specific to his own time (not for all time?). Webb argued that an advanced Muhammadan only has one wife.
In 1894 (Mar-20), Riazudin Ahmed confided in Snow, “in this dispute between Mr. Lant and Mr. Webb we should not side with either unless we can get a thorough knowledge of the whole affair” (See Riazuddin Ahmed to Hamid Snow, 20 March 1894, John A. Lant Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St Louis, MO., via Singleton).
In 1894 (Mar-23), the Putnam County Leader of Fri, Mar 23, 1894 ·Page 2 told the world that Mohammed Alexander Russell Webb will speak in St. Louis next Sunday afternoon (March-25) at the Grand Opera House. Webb was a follower of “Theosophy” and a fast friend of Eugene Field. Webb discussed polygamy at the Great Conference of Religions in 1893 in Chicago (See also the St. Louis Globe-Democrat of Sun, Mar 18, 1894 ·Page 24)(See also the St. Louis Globe-Democrat of Mon, Apr 02, 1894 ·Page 10)(See also the St. Louis Globe-Democrat of Wed, Mar 28, 1894 ·Page 11)(See also The Times-Picayune of Sun, Apr 08, 1894 ·Page 2).
In 1894 (May-17), Webb claimed that the row developed when Lant was caught “prying” into Webb’s desk and reading his personal documents (See “Far India Wants to Know,” New York World, May 17 1894, p. 8., via Singleton).
In 1894 (May-24), via The Pittsfield Sun of Thu, May 24, 1894 ·Page 1, it is reported that Webb is in Pittsfield, MA and gave a lecture at Unity Church on Tuesday evening. Webb is allegedly “thoroughly conversant with the tenets and practices of Islam.
In 1894 (May-29), via The New York Times of Tue, May 29, 1894 ·Page 9, Webb seems to have bought a large farm in the town of Esopus (Ulster County), in the Esopus Mountains. Webb is building a summer house for his daughter.
In 1894 (Apr-May-Jun), Webb had completely ventilated himself by showing what a perfect Mussulman he is, in vilifying every worker in the cause, and at the same time perfectly his own depravity, let him be dismissed by the application of his own words to himself, that he is one of the most unworthy “frauds and sycophants” that ever disgraced a good cause. It will cost less for a committee of Moslems to investigate the career and statements of this unfortunate man, than to be longer deceived by employing him to “bring Islam in disgrace.” This he has already done, and the sooner the Moslems in the East drop him (for he has no following here), the better it will be for the work in America when they come to take it up properly (See “Not a good word for anybody,” American Moslem, April, May, June 1894, p. 4., via Singleton).
In 1894 (Apr-May-June), Although Webb was rarely confrontational towards Christianity in general, he often berated Christians and their behavior in the Moslem World and in lectures. Lant saw Webb’s kowtowing to the press as the utmost hypocrisy and felt Webb must be in cahoots with Davidyan’s group. Reflecting on this time period, Lant wrote, “We refrained from dispute, from contention, from public scandal, and suddenly left them both [Webb and Davidiyan] standing in a glare of light arrayed against the only honest effort yet made to spread the light of Islam in America . . . A society of earnest souls . . . have spies come among them secretly to plant confusion in the minds of inquirers assembled in obedience to the call to prayer; and these the emissaries of the paid propaganda misrepresenting their adopted faith in this unbrotherly manner” (See “To the friends of Islam in the East,” American Moslem, April, May, June 1894, p. 1., via Singleton).
In 1894 (Apr-May-Jun) Lant said he was on the verge of giving Webb an additional $700 for the cause when he left the American Islamic Propaganda (See “Who will help him to deceive, slander and falsify, now,” American Moslem, April, May, June 1894, p. 4., via Singleton).
In 1894 (Apr-May-Jun), Webb insinuated that Lant only became interested in Islam after errant newspaper articles reported that Webb had up to one million dollars at his disposal to spread the faith. Defending himself against these charges, Lant published one of the aforementioned IOUs purportedly written by Webb on November 11 1893, which stated, “I hereby certify that Mr. John A. Lant of Tarrytown, N.Y., has assisted in the editorial and business work of this office since July, 1893, without compensation, and has besides, helped the work with his personal funds to the amount of $472.74 as per my note to him, and an additional amount of $30.75 to this date” (See “Some personal matters that may prove interesting,” American Moslem, April, May, June 1894, p. 1., via Singleton).
In 1894 (Apr-May-Jun), Lant countered, “I used the desk everyday, and carried the keys. The only private papers in it were my own, and these consisted of Webb IOUs to me” (“Who will help him to deceive, slander and falsify, now,” American Moslem, April, May, June 1894, p. 4. The American Moslem, Vol. 1, No. 4 is available from the Ottoman Archives, Istanbul (Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi, Maruzati. Yildiz Arsivi Sadaret Hususi 309/80), via Singleton).
In 1894 (May-25), in the “Voice of Islam” newspaper, it is reported that Nafeesa M.T. Keep was elected as secretary of the “American Muslim Brotherhood”. The election was held in the reading room of “The Moslem World Co.”, No. 30 East 23d St. NY. Nafeesa M.T. Keep is also on the “Board of Publications”. The Vice President is C. Omar MacCoun, the Librarian is Ahmed Hamouda, the assistant librarian is R. Othman White, the Treasurer is H. Ali Lewis. H. Ali Lewis is also on the “Board of Publications”, as well as C. Omar MacCoun and R. Othman White. On the Advisory Board are 3 people, E. A. Arnold, H. Fatima Peabody and Khaled D. Hutchins (See Aug-1894 edition of the “Voice of Islam”). James S. Laidlaw has an essay and short poem in this edition of the “Voice of Islam” (Aug-1894 edition). H.A. Lewis is also the “Business Manager” of the “Voice of Islam” and “American Moslem Brotherhood”. Interestingly, a mission in Lahore is discussed called the Anjuman-i-Islam wherein young boys are being taught, this is called the Islamic College. The Nawab of Bahawalpur has given money for orphan boys and via the “Anjuman-i-Himayat-e-Islam“. Many books are listed for sale, a book by Haji Abdullah Browne entitled, “The Evidences of Islam” (from London). Barkatullah also has a book for sale, entitled, “Eleven Months’ Mussulman Work at Hyderabad (Deccan), India, as well as a book by G.W. Leitner (of the Woking Mosque), entitled, “Mohammedanism”. Webb’s book, “Islam in America” is the most expensive book, $50 for 75 pages. “Education and Literature of the Women of Turkey” by Senorita Esmeralda Cervantes, for $15. A book by Goolam Muhammed bin Hajee Hafiz Sadek Randeri, entitled, “The Touchstone of Philosophers”. There is also a book by Shaikh Faizullah-bhai (Fellow of the University of Bombay and headmaster of the “Anjuman-i-Islam” schools), entitled, “A Moslem Present”, for $35, this book is an anthology of Arabic poems about the Prophet and the faith of Islam. There is also a book entitled, “Al Bahsul-Jaleel” or “The Delhi Controversy” between Maulvi Sharful Haq Kadri Jalali, translated by S. Abdul Haq sahib and for $15. There is also a book for sale entitled, “The Hero as Prophet” by Thos Carlyle for $15.
In 1894 (July-13), via The Evening World of Fri, Jul 13, 1894 ·Page 2, Mrs. Keep is calling Webb a trickster and a fraud (via Singleton)(See “Shade of the Prophet!,” New York World, July 13 1894, p. 9; “Nafeesa held the fort,” New York World, July 14 1894, p. 11; “Trouble in Islam,” New York Tribune, July 14 1894, p. 12; “Mohammed Webb locked out,” New York Times, July 14 1894, p. 5; “Nefeesa Keep breakfasts,” New York Times, July 16 1894, p. 1; “Mohammed is now ahead,” New York World, July 24 1894, p. 3; “War of the Moslems not over,” New York Times, July 24 1894, p. 8; “Nefeesa M. T. Keep retaliates,” New York Times, July 30 1894, p. 9; “Mrs. Keep laughs best,” New York World, August 2 1894, p. 9).
In 1894 (July-15), via The Philadelphia Inquirer of Sun, Jul 15, 1894 ·Page 4, Webb and his mission are totally exposed. It is reported that Webb promised to rid Americans of alcohol use, women from walking around freely and showing their face and bodies, bathe 5 times per day and other ills, however, Mrs. Keep has brought it all down with her allegations and her refusal to leave Webb’s business offices. The newspaper says that ironically, in Islam, women have no say in business affairs. The newspaper mocks Webb (See also The Evening World of Sat, Jul 14, 1894 ·Page 3)(See also The Evening World of Fri, Jul 13, 1894 ·Page 4)(See also St. Louis Post-Dispatch of Sun, Jul 15, 1894 ·Page 4).
In 1894 (July-16), The New York Times of Mon, Jul 16, 1894 ·Page 1 reported that Nefeesa has broken her fasts, however, Webb is still a bad man, a “Tow Gee”. Nefeesa M.T. Keep, who is the editor of the “Moslem World” and “Voice of Islam” magazines. Nefeesa M.T. Keep alleges that Webb owes her money and is living in Webb’s business offices on the 3rd floor of 30 E. 23rd St, ny, NY. On the outside of the door was a sign that if anyone entered they would be arrested. However, a reporter from the New York Times showed up and after knocking, was able to get some information. After looking at the face of the reporter, Mrs. Keep let him in, weary of Webb trying to forcibly remove her. Mrs. Keep says that she is out of money, some of her neighbors did give her some food. Mrs. Keep says that she is scheduled to speak to the Turkish consul about Webb and his nefarious activities. Mrs. Keep alleges that Webb owes her $50 and her friend $100 for rent. Mrs. Keep alleges that from March-1-1894 to Dec-1-1893, Webb received 12,000 from India and Egypt, this was for the spread of Islam in America. However, Webb has already spent all of the money and has bought land for his family in Ulster County for $600, however, he refuses to pay back Mrs. Keep her $50. At this moment, a neighbor offered food. Mrs. Keep is demanding to stay in Webb’s business offices until she gets full ownership of the “Moslem World” and “Voice of Islam” magazines. Mrs. Keep was asked by the reporter if she was still a Muslim, she answered that she believed in Islam more than Christianity, however, she judges a tree by its fruit and Webb was not a rotten example of a Muslim. Mrs. Keep presented a letter of Webb wherein he is begging for money all around the world from Muslims.
In 1894 (July-17), per the New York Herald of Tue, Jul 17, 1894 ·Page 2, Mrs. Keep is inside of Webb’s business office and refuses to leave, this is at 30 East 23rd St. Mrs. Keep (aka Nafeesa Keep) is the editor of the “Voice of Islam” newspaper.
In 1894 (July-18), the Buffalo Courier Express of Wed, Jul 18, 1894 ·Page 4 reported from the New York Tribune, Mrs. Keep was calling the Webb a fake Moslem. Webb’s fez was hanging on the wall in his business offices where Mrs. Keep was barricaded in. Mrs. Keep accused Webb of buying a farm with the money that he was given to spread Islam. Mrs. Keep alleges that Webb wanted to make money like William Quilliam in Liverpool did. Mrs. Keep went to the Turkish council later that afternoon and told them about Webb. Allegedly, the Turkish council said that they wouldn’t work with Webb.
In 1894 (July-19), the Altoona Tribune of Thu, Jul 19, 1894 ·Page 1 reports that Muhammed Webb was barred out of his business office vs. Mrs. Nafeesa M.T. Keep. Mrs. Keep used to be a Theosophist. Hajee Abdullah Hajee Arab is described as a wealthy oriental merchant, who lives in Jedda, Arabia and has extensive commercial connections throughout India. Mrs. Keep alleges that Webb has been stealing money.
In 1894 (July-20), via the Times Herald of Fri, Jul 20, 1894 ·Page 1, Mrs. Keep alleged that she has a letter from Ella G. Webb (wife of Mohammed Alexander Webb) wherein it is stated that Webb and his wife are living off of the produce of their newly bought farm in Ulster County, NY.
In 1894 (July-21), via The Plain Dealer of Sat, Jul 21, 1894 ·Page 4, Webb is briefly quoted in terms of behavior in Chicago.
In 1894 (July-24), Webb and a bunch of men forcibly broke the doors at Webb’s headquarters at 30 East 23rd St, NY, at which point Nafeesa Keep was removed from the property, however, she found a room nearby and seems to be staying there. Webb is threatening legal action and accuses Mrs. Keep of stealing documents (See The Evening World of Tue, Jul 24, 1894 ·Page 3)(See also the Chicago Tribune of Mon, Jul 23, 1894 ·Page 7)(See also the St. Louis Post-Dispatch of Wed, Jul 25, 1894 ·Page 4).
In 1894 (July-26), the New-York Tribune of Thu, Jul 26, 1894 ·Page 12 alleged that Webb was in Jefferson Market Court with his wife vs. Mrs. Keep. Words were exchanged. Webb alleged to the judge that Mrs. Keep stole books and plates valued at $300. Justice Hogan didn’t make a decision, instead he told the parties to come back in about a week.
In 1894 (July-27), The Frontier and Holt County Independent of Fri, Jul 27, 1894 ·Page 3 reported that Mrs. Nafeesa Mary Tempest Keep went to the Turkish consulate at 132 Broadway and told them about Webb and how he had spent all of this money from India. The Vice Council was there, a man named Ismail Bey. Ismail Bey seems to be ignorant about Webb. Mrs. Keep plans to sue Webb for monies via a civil suit.
In 1894 (Aug-2), via The Evening World of Thu, Aug 02, 1894 ·Page 3, it is reported that Mrs. Nefeesa M.T. Keep is being financially supported by Mrs. Eliza A. Arnold, widow of George T. Arnold (the inventor of the magic ruffle). Mrs. Eliza A. Arnold alleges to have given Webb cash which was used to pay the rent at Webb’s business offices. Mrs. Eliza A. Arnold alleges to have attended many meetings of the Moslem Brotherhood since Jan-1893 and she is convinced that Mrs. Keep is telling the truth about Webb being a fraudster. Mrs. Eliza A. Arnold seems to have paid the rent for the offices wherein Mrs. Keep is and contends that Mrs. Keep is the true representative of Islam in America, not Webb.
In 1894 (Aug-4), Lant’s associate, William Mac Nair expounded on Webb in a letter to Lant, “I have seen the name of the great prophet before his name, but he is not in my opinion worthy to bear it. . . . All honor to you and shame upon your unfaithful slanderers (See William Mac Nair to John A. Lant, 4 August 1894, John A. Lant Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St Louis, MO. Mac Nair was once the Secretary of the local chapter of the Knights of Labor, via Singleton).
In 1894 (Aug-11), The Daily Sentinel-Tribune of Sat, Aug 11, 1894 ·Page 6 reported that Mrs. Keep declared that Mohammed Alexander Webb has an insane odor and he must be an insane man.
In 1894 (Aug-18), The Piqua Daily Call of Sat, Aug 18, 1894 ·Page 8 ran a story wherein it inferred that maybe Mohammedanism was a religious solution for the problem of the southern Negro. It is stated that the southern Negro is morally ignorant and a religion which combined Buddhism and Islam could be beneficial. Webb’s mission is also stated (See also the Epitaph-News of Fri, Jan 05, 1894 ·Page 5)(See also the Tri-County Independent of Fri, Apr 20, 1894 ·Page 3).
In 1894 (Aug-24), via the Algona Courier of Fri, Aug 24, 1894 ·Page 2, a woman named Nafeesa (aka M.T. Keep) has completely exposed Muhammed Webb as a fraudster. Nafeesa (aka M.T. Keep) has been at war with Muhammed Webb for about 6 weeks. She even wrote a letter to the Sultan of Turkey about Muhammed Webb being a fraudster. Nafeesa (aka M.T. Keep) called Webb a monster. Nafeesa (aka M.T. Keep) alleged that Muhammed Webb was using the Theosophical society against her and have hired Judge Hawes a lawyer vs. her. It seems that the Theosophical society was accusing her of theft. Nafeesa (aka Mrs. Keep) alleges that Webb was lying about a lack of funds, she says that she saw a check for $500 from Osman Nauri Effendi (Osman Nuri Pasha?). In the end, Mrs. Keep called Muhammed Webb a fake prophet who was in reality raising money to spend on himself.
In 1894 (Aug-26), via the Democrat and Chronicle (daily newspaper serving the greater Rochester, New York, area) of Sun, Aug 26, 1894 ·Page 3, it is explained how Mohammed Webb “Roped in the Rupees”. The newspaper alleges that Mohammed Webb failed in his mission of bringing Islam to the USA. Webb raised 1000’s of rupees in British India. It seems that a man named Hamid Snow made the first accusation back in May-1894. Hamid Snow is mentioned as a tipster who told the world about the fraud of Webb. This report also refers to the Liverpool Muslim Institute and how Webb criticized it’s financials. Webb, allegedly commented that with 300 pounds, a make-shift mosque could have been erected in Liverpool. The verbal attacks of Mrs. Nafeesa Maria Theresa Melissa Keep are also mentioned as the final nail in the coffin for Webb’s mission. It seems that Mrs. Keep was able to get the press that Webb was using. The newspaper infers that Webb seems to be out of business aka bankrupt. A letter from John C. Sundberg (U.S. Consul in Baghdad) was read out which commented on the mission of Webb. It seems that Webb had argued in 1893 that American would accept polygamy, however, Webb contradicted this and shocked Sundberg and others. The newspaper alleges that thousands of rupees were stolen by Webb and his fake mission. Sundberg alleges that Islam could solve all the problems in the USA, including woman’s suffrage.
In 1894 (Sep-26), it seemed that Lant and Nabakoff were intent to ignore Webb’s movement
altogether and simply speak about their new organization, at least until an indignant Webb came forth with his allegations. Webb drew the first blood in the press. Lant was resentful of Webb’s charges against him, since he apparently gave much more to the cause then he ever received in return. He later blasted Webb as a “propagandist for pay” who received a salary for his duties and who had squandered the mission’s funds from India (See “News notes,” American Moslem, April, May, June 1894, p. 2., via Singleton). This line of argument spoke with respect to Qur’anic injunctions against receiving one’s livelihood completely from religious work. Later, when Sheik Abdullah Quilliam of Liverpool was reluctantly brought in to the imbroglio, he stated: I regret to hear of the unfortunate misunderstandings between those in America who have accepted the faith. Personally I consider this way of slandering the brethren which seems to be used as a weapon by some persons to be most improper and un-Islamic and I am also opposed to persons simply preaching on behalf of the cause simply and solely for the purpose of gain, it then becomes simply and solely a matter of profession in order to make a living which was never intended to be part of the Islamic propagation, in fact, over and over again in the Koran you will find the passage “I take no reward for this my preaching” (See Abdullah W. H. Quilliam to John A. Lant, 26 September 1894, John A. Lant Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St Louis, MO. via Singleton).
In 1894 (Nov) within a few months after Webb removed the offices of the Moslem World Publishing Company to Ulster Park, Lant began renting office space with Keep at the former Moslem World headquarters on East 23rd Street (John A. Lant to Khalil Ibrahim, November 1894, John A. Lant Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St Louis, MO., via Singleton).
In 1894 (Oct-28), via The Cincinnati Enquirer of Sun, Oct 28, 1894 ·Page 28, Webb was scheduled to tour in Cincinnati, Ohio at the Unity Club series at College Hall (opposite the Gibson house). on Nov-7-1894 (See also The Cincinnati Enquirer of Sat, Nov 03, 1894 ·Page 15).
In 1894 (Nov-8), via The Cincinnati Enquirer of Thu, Nov 08, 1894 ·Page 8, Webb was at “College Hall” last night and speaking to members of the “Unity Club” and was forced to stop his lecture because he was ill. Reverand E.A. Coil of Unity Church intervened and read out some of Webb’s writings (See also The Cincinnati Enquirer of Sat, Nov 03, 1894 ·Page 15)(See also the Akron Evening Times of Thu, Nov 08, 1894 ·Page 2)(See also The Salem Daily News of Thu, Nov 08, 1894 ·Page 1)(See also The Evening Review of Thu, Nov 08, 1894 ·Page 3).
In 1894 (Nov-11), via The Cincinnati Enquirer of Sun, Nov 11, 1894 ·Page 10, the headline is “Webb is a Bad Way”. Webb was in Cincinnati and was too sick to give his scheduled lecture. The lecture was scheduled for Nov-10 in Toledo, Ohio. Webb had arrived in Toledo on Nov-8-1894. Webb was allegedly confined to his room at his hotel with a severe cold. This afternoon, Webb allegedly suffered an attack of congestion of the brain and is in critical condition (See also The Zanesville Signal of Mon, Nov 12, 1894 ·Page 1)(See also The Marion Star of Mon, Nov 12, 1894 ·Page 1)(See also The Ohio Democrat of Wed, Nov 14, 1894 ·Page 1)(See also The Plain Dealer of Sun, Nov 11, 1894 ·Page 14)(See also the Unionville Republican of Wed, Nov 14, 1894 ·Page 4)(See also the Minneapolis Daily Times of Sun, Nov 11, 1894 ·Page 3)(See also The Omaha Evening Bee of Sun, Nov 11, 1894 ·Page 2)(See also the Canton Farmers Leader of
Fri, Nov 16, 1894 ·Page 2).
In 1894 (Nov-16), via The Jewish Voice of Fri, Nov 16, 1894 ·Page 6, reports on Mohammed Alexander Russel Webb’s lecture (“Why I am a Mussalman”) at the Unity Club that was abruptly cut short on account of indisposition. Reverend E.A. Coil read out the remainder of the speech as best as he could. It was not a good speech. Theosophical beliefs and Unitarian beliefs are also discussed and represented at this conference.
In 1894 (Nov-29), via The Clyde Enterprise of Thu, Nov 29, 1894 ·Page 2 (of Clyde, Ohio), it seems that Webb gave 5 lectures while in Ohio, one on Hinduism too.
In 1894 (Dec-2), The Indianapolis Journal of Sun, Dec 02, 1894 ·Page 12 infers that Webb got drunk and was unable to give his lectures. The newspaper also infers that Webb’s career as a missionary is over.
In 1894 (Dec-3), J.H. Livingston, former manger of the advertising department of the Moslem World, supported Lant’s claim. Livingstone wrote, “I knew that Mr. Lant advanced money cheerfully to Mr. Webb in his reported necessities and thanks at least were due him for that and for his valuable services for nearly five months, instead of unjust and untrue representations . . . During the past year Mr. Lant has proven the better Mohammedan of the two” (See J. H. Livingston to John A. Lant, 3 December 1894, John A. Lant Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St Louis, MO., via Singleton).
In 1894 (Dec-11), the St. Louis Post-Dispatch of Tue, Dec 11, 1894 ·Page 4, it seems that Mrs. Nafeesa Keep has cut loose from Alexander Russell Webb and have reorganized the “American Moslem Institute”. Mrs. Keep alleges that Alexander Russell went to a bar and lives a life wherein he goes to bars and spends money. Webb is no longer the leader of the white Moslems on New York (see The Inter Ocean of Tue, Dec 11, 1894 ·Page 3)(See also The Courier-Journal of Wed, Dec 12, 1894 ·Page 5).
In 1894 (Dec-12), via the Buffalo Courier Express of Wed, Dec 12, 1894 ·Page 10 reported that Alexander Russell Mohammed Webb was ex-communicated by “The American Moslem Institute” because Webb instead of giving a lecture went and got drunk. This was posted from the New York Advertiser. The meeting of the “The American Moslem Institute” took place at No. 20 East 23rd St, ny, NY. Nafeesah M.T. Keep was also there as well as John A. Lant and Emin L. Nabakoff. There were also a few police officers on the scene, in case Webb showed up and tried to assault people. They were there to celebrate the 1-year anniversary of the first ever Adhan given in the USA in 1893. Princess Sophia Adelaide was there too as well as A.L. Rawson. Resolutions were passed which gave legality to the American Moslem Institute, it was a branch of the Moslem Institute of Liverpool (via Quilliam). By-laws were also established, Nafeesah was given salary of $30 per month. Nafeesah then accused Webb of being a drunkard, much to the confusion of Nabakoff and Lant. Nafeesah read from the “Commercial Gazette of Cincinnati” from Dec-1-1894. Webb was unanimously repudiated (See also the Baptist and Reflector of Thu, Dec 27, 1894 ·Page 1)(See also the Vermont Chronicle of Fri, Dec 07, 1894 ·Page 5).
In 1894 (Dec-17), via the Chicago Times, The Savannah Morning News of Mon, Dec 17, 1894 ·Page 9 told the world that Mohammed Webb was now a Sufi. Webb then gives advice on how to become a Sufi. Webb is currently in Chicago, at 50 Lincoln Ave and working with “The Theosophical Society” there and is scheduled to give speeches at the Athaneum. Webb is dressed like the average Christian, however, he still claims to be a Muslim. Webb explains how he went from a Theosophist to a Sufi. Webb called Sufism the highest form of cultivation in the world. Webb emphatically states that he is not in the USA to convert anyone to Islam. Webb alleged that the Hindu Yogi is similar to the Sufi. Webb says that a Sufi can leave his own body and look at themselves, Webb alleges to have done it. Theosophists also share this belief alleged Webb. Webb alleges that he knows men who can disintegrate matter and then reassemble it, these same men can perform miracles, however, they don’t. Webb alleges that there are 80 white Moslems in the USA in 1894. Webb says that he only told the Muslims of India that he would spread Islam, he never gave details how. Webb says that the work of proselyting was not included in the deal. Webb confesses that his newspapers were suspended by himself. Webb says that the rupee has lost half of its value via exchange. Webb ends by promising more lecture, however, he doesn’t have any other plan (See also the Kansas City Journal of Mon, Dec 24, 1894 ·Page 6).
In 1894 (Dec-27), via the Baptist and Reflector of Thu, Dec 27, 1894 ·Page 1 it is reported that Webb has a drinking problem and had advocated for the use of polygamy at The Great Conference of Religions in 1893. The Cincinnati Gazette accused Webb of being too drunk to complete his lectures. The same thing happened in Toledo, Ohio. Webb is thus discredited (See also the Buffalo Courier Express of Wed, Dec 12, 1894 ·Page 10 and The Indianapolis Journal of Sun, Dec 02, 1894 ·Page 12).
In 1894 (Dec-27), the St. Louis Post-Dispatch of Thu, Dec 27, 1894 ·Page 4 reports that the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire declines to allow an American consul to accompany the commission which is to inquire into the Armenian atrocities. The only American that the Sultan might like is Mohammed Alexander Webb.
In 1894 (Dec-28), the Linn County Republic of Fri, Dec 28, 1894 ·Page 2 reports on how Webb is losing his entire mission in America.
In 1895 (Jan-March), Webb restructured his organization once again. He had left New York and set up the headquarters of the Moslem World Publishing Company at his home in Ulster Park, New York. In January, he published the first issue of the consolidated Moslem World and Voice of Islam newspaper. He did not use this paper to attack his rivals. Ironically, during the brief squabble between Lant and Nabakoff, Webb mentioned the newly formed groups in his paper, and he remained agreeable toward their prospects. He did, however, refrain from noting the groups’ affiliation with either gentleman. Perhaps he struck a conciliatory tone for the benefit of Islam in America, or maybe his departure from New York City eased tensions enough to mollify the abject bitterness between the men. Regarding the International Moslem Union, he stated, “The fact that organizations, taking Moslem names, are being formed quite numerously in New York, and elsewhere, speaks volumes in favor of our Islamic Propaganda . . . if its real purpose is to promulgate the truths of Islam we are disposed to give it a cordial welcome to the American Moslem Brotherhood” (See “The American Moslem Institute,” Moslem World and Voice of Islam, January 1895, p. 4; “News notes,” Moslem World and Voice of Islam, March 1895, p. 3, via Singleton). Webb published his supportive statements, despite a letter from Nabakoff castigating Webb that appeared in the January 1895 issue of the Crescent. Nabakoff defended Quilliam’s reputation against Webb’s accusations of financial improprieties in Liverpool. Nabakoff wrote, “Mr. Webb is the successful author of so many astonishing lies, that it is beyond the capacity of man to hunt them all up. I make it a rule to treat his stories with
contempt, but I can’t afford a slanderer and backbiter to make mischief between friends” (“Nailing down a slander,” Crescent, January 2 1895, p. 2, via Singleton). Webb chose not to respond in kind and spent the remainder of the year publishing his paper, lecturing, and holding occasional meetings of the New York branch of the American Moslem Brotherhood. Increasingly, Webb devoted his limited column space to defending Turkey against charges of ill treatment of the Armenians and other negative characterizations of the Sultan.
In 1895 (Feb-4), The Courier-Journal of Mon, Feb 04, 1895 ·Page 2 reports that Webb is back in business and has published “The Moslem World” and “Voice of Islam” after suspending their printing. In the Jan-1895 edition, Webb alleges that Americans will accept Islam. Webb is living quietly at Ulster Park NY in a farm that he recently bought.
In 1895 (Feb-4), The New York Times of Mon, Feb 04, 1895 ·Page 8, reported on a Fourth-Floor Mosque, which is the worship place of the “International Moslem Union”. It is reported that hats were taken off, there is no Qiblah and shoes are not removed. This is located at 835 Broadway @ 13th St, ny, NY. They are also called “the First Society For the Study of Islam”, the office is also the mosque and library of the group. A Muslim reporter for the NY Times made all of these observations. Emin Nabakoff (Leo Nabakoff is his real name) is in-charge and is named the successor of Webb, Nabakoff is allegedly from South Russia and converted to Islam before he met Webb. They seem to have read from literature that is Hindu-Muslim and talked about the reincarnation of the soul, the NY Times reporter scoffs at this and says that Muhammad (Saw) never said so. A few questions were asked.
In 1895 (Feb-10), via the Kansas City Journal of Sun, Feb 10, 1895 ·Page 4 reported that Webb is patiently waiting his next move.
In 1895 (Feb-21)(via the John A. Lant Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St Louis, MO, Abdullah W. H. Quilliam to John A. Lant, 21 February 1895), Mrs. Keep apparently wanted little to do with Nabakoff and Lant after their differences arose. Quilliam said of her, “She has been so be-fooled by Webb, that she became I feel convinced, suspicious of everyone in American
Islamic circles . . . In New York she would only be the ‘woman who spoiled Webb,’ here she is a representative of American Islam” (the John A. Lant Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St Louis, MO, Abdullah W. H. Quilliam to John A. Lant, 21 February 1895, via Singleton).
In 1895 (Apr-25), Webb denigrated Islam and alleged that unitarians and Universalist are really Muslims (See the Evansville Courier and Press of Thu, Apr 25, 1895 ·Page 6). Webb’s encounter vs. Nafeesa Keep is also mentioned as in the past. Webb mentioned the works of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Charagh Ali and Syed Ameer Ali.
In 1895 (May-17), in America, the First Society continued meeting, but by April 1894, attendance was falling. They were forced to end the Sunday meetings due to the disruptions by Davidyan’s group, and according to the proprietor of the lecture hall, they had fallen behind in paying rent (See Theodore F. Price to John A. Lant, 10 April 1894, John A. Lant Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St Louis, via Singleton). At about this time, Hamid Snow sent a letter to the editor of the New York World trying to expose Webb as a fraud. However, he unintentionally drew negative attention upon himself and the First Society. The letter emboldened the World to investigate the state of both Islamic movements. Although Snow thoroughly castigated Webb, Webb in turn excoriated Snow and his American associates in an interview with the World. Webb said, “I know this man Hamid Snow, and he is not of the least consequence. He is a half-breed Mussulman, and is running a sort of independent church at Agra Fort. He is out for all the money in sight.” He further reminded readers of Lant’s run-ins with Comstock and reprised his version of the story of Lant’s departure from the American Islamic Propaganda. Webb said of Nabakoff, “He used to be an ice-cream peddler at Brighton, England, and knows no more about the religion of Islam than any other street fakir (destitute person).” Furthermore, he related, “When I turned Lant and Nabakoff out of my place they tried to establish a mission in Union Square. They made a failure of that, and now they are trying to injure me in India by writing to persons whose names Lant obtained from my personal papers.” He went on to chide them as “leeches,” “frauds,” and “sycophants.” Webb then focused his rage on Sheik Abdullah Quilliam, calling him “a charletan [sic] of the worst possible character” (“Far India wants to know,” New York World, May 17 1895, p. 8, via Singleton).
In 1895 (June-22), The Minneapolis Journal of Sat, Jun 22, 1895 ·Page 4 reported that Webb’s mission of Islam in America has totally collapses, however, Webb was trying to get funds and open it again.
In 1895 (Nov-21), via the Chicago Tribune of Thu, Nov 21, 1895 ·Page 1 the Nawab of Basoda was in Chicago, his real is Mahomed Omer Ali Khan, he is accompanied by his servant, Dulsher Ali and W. McKinnon (rep from the British-India office). The Nawab of Basoda alleges that the Nizam of Hyderabad gave a huge sum of money to Webb while Webb was touring India in the winter of 1892. The Nawab of Basoda was eager to hear from Webb (See also The Savannah Morning News of Sat, Nov 30, 1895 ·Page 4).
In 1895 (Dec-1), The New York Times of Sun, Dec 01, 1895 ·Page 2 dedicated an entire page to the failures of Alexander Russell Mohammad Webb in America entitled, “The Fall of Islam in America, ” New York Times, Dec. 1, 1895, p. 2. In 1895, the Nawab of Basoda was Nawab Omar Ali Khan, who ruled the small Central Indian principality until his death that year. Nevertheless, the Nawab of Basoda alleged that he gave Webb 40-50,000 british pounds. However, Webb says that it was only 2000 British pounds. The newspaper alleges that Webb is living in poverty. It seems that the Nawab of Basoda was in the USA and was wanting to see what was the result of his investment. Nawab of Basoda didn’t see much and never met Webb either. The Nawab of Basoda was accompanied by Mr. William Mackinnon (hard headed, a shrewd-spoken scotch man, secretary to the Nawab and interpreter). Before leaving America, the Nawab of Basoda told the New York Times all of this via Mr. William Mackinnon. The newspaper mentions how Webb travelled thru India and to Hyderabad, India, and how wealthy Indian’s had paid for him to do so. Among one of these was Haji Abdullah Arab, who personally gave 5000 British pounds. It is alleged that the Nizam of Hyderabad (Mahboob Ali Khan?) gave a huge sum of money for Islam to spread in America. The Nawab of Basoda confessed that he hadn’t given Webb any money, nevertheless, he wanted to see an update and was shocked to see nothing. The Nawab of Basoda also said that some of the money was given to Webb in India and lots of it was sent to America and all the records of that are missing. A man named J.A. Lant of Tarrytown-on-the-Hudson met with The Nawab of Basoda and Mr. William Mackinnon. Lant alleged that Webb owed him 600 British pounds for services rendered in connected with Webb’s newspaper. Webb’s failures in America are highlighted. Webb hoodwinked Indian Muslims! Webb’s business address in Ulster Park, NY is mentioned in detail. The newspaper mentions how Webb looked nothing like a Muslim who had been to India, he looked like a common farmer in New York in 1895. The reported for the newspaper met Webb and gave these observations. Webb said that he didn’t know that the Nawab of Basoda was in town, Webb questioned why the Nawab didn’t come to Ulster Park to see for himself. Webb denies receiving 40-50,000 British pounds. Webb alleges that 20k US dollars have been spent by himself and his mission in this pursuit. Webb denies that Haji Abdullah Arab gave him 5000 British pounds. Webb alleged that the Nizam of Hyderabad never gave him a penny, nor did any other Indian. Webb alleged that he never personally received even a single rupee and that he never received money in-person, whatever was given to him via “offering” was turned over to Haji Abdullah Arab. Webb alleges that he was offered 32k US Dollars in incremental payments of 13k for the first year, 10k for 2nd and 3rd year. This payment included maintenance for Webb and his family. Webb alleges that people thought he came to the USA with 1 million dollars and began to try to leech off of him and failed. Webb alleges that Lant was one of these leeches. Webb alleges that Hamid Snow was another. Webb alleges that Lant and Snow caused Haji Abdullah Arab to break his contract with Webb and thus left Webb in poverty. Webb alleges that a single Moslem in India is supporting him financially right now. Webb admitted to not preaching Islam in Ulster Park.
In 1895 (Dec-5), via the Richmond Times-Dispatch of Thu, Dec 05, 1895 ·Page 4, it is reported that a correspondent with the NY Times was in Washington DC and wished to ask some questions to the Turkish minister, Mavroyeni Bey about Mohammed Webb and his financial fraud, however, Bey refused to speak and his teeth chattered.
In 1895 (Dec-27), via the New-York Tribune of Fri, Dec 27, 1895 ·Page 32 Mohammed Webb seems to have supported the Ottoman Empire vs. Armenia and Webb made arguments in support of the Ottoman Empire’s aggression (See also New-York Tribune of Wed, Dec 25, 1895 ·Page 5).
In 1896 (Feb-5), Webb sided with the Ottoman Empire and cleared them of any wrongdoing in the Sasun massacre of 1894 (See the St. Louis Post-Dispatch of Wed, Feb 05, 1896 ·Page 4).
In 1896 (Feb), Webb, published what would become the final edition of the “Moslem World and Voice of Islam”, this was published by Webb from the barn of his Ulster Park farm, exactly
three years after Webb commenced his Islamic mission to America. Webb spent two more years in Ulster Park before moving his family to Rutherford, New Jersey. He gave up his mission (Via Singleton).
In 1896 (Mar-20), Haji Abdullah Arab wrote a letter to the editor of the NY Times of Mar 20, 1896 ·Page 4, this was from Dawood Kuzi Street, Bombay, India, Feb-22-1896. In this letter Haji Abdullah Arab wrote that the him and the Mohammedans of India is 38,738 rupees, including 15,247, which was given by Haji Abdullah Arab. The article was entitled, “Webb’s supply of Rupees”.
In 1896 (Mar-27), Mohammed Webb was forced to respond to allegations of stealing money. Webb wrote a letter to the NY Times about their issue of March-20-1896 (Friday) wherein a communication from Hajee Abdullah Arab sahib of Bombay, India. Webb alleges that the Nawab Sahib of Basoda, India did not give him 40k-50k, there is an error in the translation alleges Webb. Webb alleges that this was rupees and not British pounds and there is a huge difference between the two. Webb alleges to have only been given 12,000 pounds. Which is roughly 12,000 US dollars. Webb says that he was supposed to get 40k US Dollars and only got like 10k. Webb alleges that most of the money was received in NY. Haji Abdullah Arab allegedly gave 10k rupees (roughly 3k US dollars) from his own purse. Webb gives a list of 14 payments. Signed off by Webb from Ulster Park (See The New York Times of Fri, Mar 27, 1896 ·Page 3).
In 1896 (Nov-28), via the Courier-News of Sat, Nov 28, 1896 ·Page 1, it is reported that Mohammed Webb that on the night of Nov-27, Alexander Russell Webb of Ulster County, NY gave a lecture on “Mohammedanism” at the Salvation Army Hall. Webb is called a fast friend of Eugene Field.
In 1897 (Jun-1), The Buffalo Times of Tue, Jun 01, 1897 ·Page 4 hints at the idea of Mohammed Alexander Russell Webb being the “Mohammedan Minister” to Turkey.
In 1898 (July-10), via the St. Louis Post-Dispatch of Sun, Jul 10, 1898 ·Page 20, Mohammed Alexander R. Webb, gave a report about his life in Manila, Philippines.
In 1900 (Oct-13), the Boston Evening Transcript of Sat, Oct 13, 1900 ·Page 18 remembers the failed mission of Webb.
In 1900 (Oct-Nov) Webb assisted with the American celebration of the 25th anniversary of Sultan Abdul Hamid II’s coronation in 1900. He gave the adhan at the event and led a prayer for the Sultan’s continued health (See “Rejoicings in the new world in honour of the Sultan,” Crescent, October 10 1900, p. 229, Via Singleton). In reporting this news, the Crescent used a further Islamicized form of his name, Mohammed Iskander Webb, the first time he had been mentioned in the paper in five years. After years of bitterness and distrust, Webb’s association with Turkish diplomats re-legitimized Webb in Quilliam’s eyes. Webb was mentioned a month later as having arrived in Constantinople on his way to Mecca for a pilgrimage (See “Editorial notes,” Crescent, November 21 1900, p. 329, Via Singleton). Webb continued giving sporadic lectures on Islam and Turkey, but he never embarked on missionary activities again.
In 1901 (Sep-1), the St. Louis Post-Dispatch of Sun, Sep 01, 1901 ·Page 3 reported on an Islamic mission in the Philippines. The newspaper alleges that there are currently 9 Moslem missionaries in Manila, of which 3 are white, 2 are Philippinos and 2 Malay’s. The head of the mission is Emin Nabakoff. Nabakoff had a brother in the Russian military 15 years ago. Nabakoff was previously a bishop in the Greek Church of Sitka, Alaska. Nabakoff allegedly converted to Islam by himself in Alaska. It is mentioned how Nabakoff was previously working under Webb and how they collapsed. After Webb, Nabakoff got involved with the “International Muslim Union” or “Young Turks Party”. Nabakoff was hired by the “International Muslim Union” in Ludhiana, British India to manage their missions in Malaysia and the Philippines. Mohammed Price and Ali Lant are working closely with Nabakoff (both are native born Americans and veterans of the civil war). It is reported that Hamid Snow will run the mission from Ludhiana and Nejib Selim from Singapore.
In 1901 (Oct-26), via the Warsaw Independent of Sat, Oct 26, 1901 ·Page 4, it is reported that Alexander R. Webb was made an honorary Consul General of the Ottoman Empire and given the new name of Webb Bey.
In 1907, after Mufti Muhammad Sadiq read out a letter from Alexander Webb, MGA spoke ill of Alexander Webb. It seems that Alexander Webb cursed the people of American in his letter, in response to this, MGA said, why does Webb curse the people of America, he should curse
his own heart. He did not pay full attention to our Movement, rather, he went back from India uttering abuse. MGA then mentioned Quillam and said that he was better than Alexander Webb (See Malfuzat-9, online English Edition, pages 137-139, via Al-Hakam, vol. 11, no. 8, p. 9, dated 10 March 1907). MGA seems to dislike Alexander Webb. MGA says that he has sent over 16,000 flyers to be published in America, some in the 1880’s and some in 1902 (via the Dowie prophecy).
In 1908 (Jun-27), allegedly, Mohammed Alexander Webb seems to be working on organizing another “Parliament of Religions” conference (will be held at Unity Church). Webb is scheduled to speak on July-19, it will open on July-5. Webb’s speech is entitled, “The Message of Mohammedanism to the World of Today. Professor M. Barkatullah is also scheduled to speak about the Sufi’s in Islam (See The Montclair Times of Sat, Jun 27, 1908 ·Page 1).
In 1908 (July-12), Webb’s friend and colleague from St. Louis, William A. Kelsoe, described Webb’s skills in the following reminiscences of working with him at the Republic: “The most versatile man we had was perhaps Alex Webb… there wasn’t a better all-round newspaper man on the paper…Webb was a practical printer, and when he couldn’t find work in the writing end of a newspaper he would join the subs in the composing room” (See St. Louis Republic, July 12, 1908, part 15, p. 2, via Singleton).
In 1910, MGA’s famous book, “Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam” is translated into english by Maulvi Muhammad Ali and published as, “The Teachings of Islam”, Mr. Muhammad Alexander Webb is given credit as someone who helped in the translation. This was the second english translation of “Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam. Although Webb acknowledged Ghulam Ahmad as “a man of God” and the one who had guided him to Islam, however, it should be noted that this was before MGA’s claims and a total lie, since Alexander Russell Webb couldn’t read Urdu. Nevertheless, Singleton claims that Webb stayed in touch with Ahmadi’s until his death in 1916.
In 1915, the English ROR of Oct-1915 began quoting a statement by Alexander Webb From New Jersey wherein he praised the ROR. This went on for many years and ended in Dec-1923.
In 1916 (Oct-3), Alexander Webb died on Oct. 1st and is buried at the Hillside Cemetery, Lyndhurst New Jersey. A few months before this, the ROR of July-1916 alleges that Webb sent them an article from the USA wherein Islam was set to be attacked,. i.e. the crusades. This was also quoted in Fanusie (see page 228)(St. Joseph Gazette of Tue, Oct 03, 1916 ·Page 2). It should be noted that Alexander Webb had been active in the Knights of Pythias, serving that non-denominational society as Chancellor. He had owned the Rutherford News and had a popular following for his Commuters Column. Webb’s memorial service was held at the Unitarian Church, conducted by Reverend Elizabeth Padgham (See The Light of April, 8, 1944)(See The Light (16 April 1944) — www.alahmadiyya.org).
Alexander Russell Webb wasn’t heard from again in the history of Ahmadiyya until 1921 in the ROR (see the ref in the below. In fact, in the Moslem Sunrise of July-1921, Muftree Muhammad Sadiq announced that a man named F.L. Anderson was the first ever Ahmadi from the USA, Muftree Muhammad Sadiq alleged that he converted to Ahmadiyya in 1901 in the Moslem Sunrise of 1921. The photo of F.L. Anderson is posted also. Anthony George Baker is another fake convert, as is F.L. Anderson and Professor Clement Lindley Wragge.
In 1921, Maulvi Muhammad Ali published a 2nd edition (from Lahore, not Qadian) of his English translation of the “The Teachings of Islam” (aka the “Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”). There doesn’t seem to be many changes, in fact, the old preface is also used. The same note on Alexander Webb is given from the 1910 edition.
However, by 2021, the Ahmadiyya Movement was claiming that Webb was the first Ahmadi in the Usa. Max Muller is also mentioned in terms of Webb, he also had a friendship with the famous Mark Twain and Victor Hugo and Abdullah Quilliam.
In 2023, Maulvi Azhar Haneef said that it’s unclear whether Alexander Webb was an Ahmadi or not, there is no evidence that proves that Webb was an Ahmadi (See 1:18:00 time stamp and this tik tok).
In 2026 (Jun), Bro Imtiaz streamed and quoted Hadi Ali Chaudhary’s testimony on Alexander Russel Webb as his connection to the Ahmadiyya Movement.
Continue reading “Alexander Russel Mohammed Webb was a colonial prophet, a fake Muslim, a racist drunk and a triple-agent” →
