Intro
He was born on 19 June 1894 in Ludhiana to Hadhrat Master Qader Bakhsh and Basheerun Sahiba of Ludhiana, both of whom in 1892 had the honour of taking Bai’at (initiation) at the hands of the MGA. At birth, he was named Mian Rahim Baksh (or M. Rahim Baksh, see the ROR of January-1924 and March-1924). In 1897, he was working as a secretary for the Nawab of Bahawalpur, Sadeq Mohammad Khan IV. Maulvi Rahim Bakhsh stole over 50,000 rupees from the Nawab of Bahawalpur. His cousin (via marriage) was the famous toilet attendant of MGA, Abdullah Sanauri. 

He was supposed to go to London in 1921 and relieve Fateh Muhammad Sayyal, however, this was cancelled abruptly, the ROR of Oct-1921 tells us the reason was financial embarrassment, however, we don’t know what that means.

In the summer of 1924, he accompanied the Khalifa on his tour of the British empire and stayed in the UK as the missionary-in-charge.

He returned to India by 1928. In the Oct-1924 edition of the ROR, his name is listed as Maulvi Rahim Bakhsh Dard. It seems that his name was changed by the Khalifa when they were in London. In the November-1924 and January-1925 edition of the ROR, the name Dard appears.

In relation to the early history of Ahmadiyyat in the Netherlands, we find the mention of Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dard’s visit to this country. The year commonly mentioned is 1926. For instance, it is stated in Tarikh-e-Ahmadiyyat (Vol. 11, p. 149) that the message of Islam Ahmadiyyat reached the Netherlands “after the inauguration of the Fazl Mosque London” in 1926, through Dard Sahib’s lectures in various societies there. Moreover, Hafiz Qudratullah Sahib – missionary to the Netherlands who established the Ahmadiyya mission there in 1947 – mentions the same year in his autobiography (Dastan-e-Hafiz Bazuban-e-Hafiz, p. 66).

His second tour in the UK was from 1933 to 1938 (he officially took over the London mission on March-12, 1933 from Maulvi Farzand Ali, see ROR of May-1933). He published the famous life of Ahmad from Pakistan in 1948.

He died suddenly in 1955 from a heart attack (see the Al Fazl Daily, 18 December 1955). You can read the full entry about his life herein.


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Abdullah Sanauri was his cousin

HAVE MIRZA AT YOUR HOME FOR RS.25/- PLUS SOME FRESH FRUITS.
(1164) Mian Rehmatullah son of Mian Abdullah Sanauri has informed me through writing that Mamoo Qadir Bakhsh, father of Molvi Abdul Rahim Dard, has wished hazrat sahib (Mirza Ghulam) to visit his house. He expressed his wish before father ie Mian Abdullah Sanauri. Father told him that hazrat sahib (Mirza) has already received so many other requests but he has refused. Mamoo Qadir Bakhsh again requested father to arrange the visit of Hazrat sahib to his house. Father said, he will bring hazrat sahib to his house but he will charge Rs.25/- for this. Mamoo Qadir Bakhsh agreed to pay the amount. Father told him to make proper place for the sitting of hazrat sahib. So he, (Rehmatullah) and father came to the city side and arranged a buggy. Then reached to the residence of Huzur. Father knocked at the door hazrat sahib came out and asked as to how has he come to him. Father said hazrat sahib you have to come with us to the house. Huzur asked to arrange the conveyance father said, Huzur, the conveyance is readily available. Huzur ride on the buggy and we reached to the house of Mamoo Qadir Bakhsh. Mamoo offered fresh fruits to huzur. Father took Rs. 25/- from Mamoo and put in the fruit tray. Huzur took baiyat from some women and prayed for all present. and returned back to his residence.
(Seeratul Mahdi Vol-4, page No. 127-128 story No.1164)

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1890’s

Maulana Dard met MGA at the very young age of about five when he went with his father to the Promised Messiah ’s house – an encounter that he held close to his heart throughout his life. Maulana Dard undertook his primary education in Ludhiana, Lahore and Patiala.
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1897
Civil and Military Gazette of Dec-8-1897
Civil and Military Gazette of Dec-8-1897

In 1897, he was working as a secretary for the Nawab of Bahawalpur, Sadeq Mohammad Khan IV.  Maulvi Rahim Bakhsh stole 50,000+ rupees and sent it to Qadian via the Bombay House.

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________1914

Allegedly, he graduated with a BA in Lahore in 1914 and then an MA followed by a BTHe also completed the ‘Civil Service’ exam in 1919 (although he never entered government service).
_____________________________________________________________________________________________1915

Maulana Dard was married twice; once in December 1915 to Sara Begum, daughter of Mian Muhammad Ismail, and then to Maryam Begum (his first cousin) daughter of Hadhrat Mian Abdullah Sanauri in December 1917. On both occasions, he was blessed to have Hudhur perform the Nikah (Islamic marriage pronouncement ceremony). It is relevant to point out that this second marriage occurred due to the wish of the Promised Messiah expressed when Maulana Dard was young and which later was brought to the attention of Maulana Dard ’s father. He had 14 children, yet despite his extremely busy schedule that left almost no time for his family, Maulana Dard knew how to make his presence felt even when he was physically absent, often thousands of miles away. Whilst in London, he used to write to each of his 14 children regularly to keep up their spirits. This shows how conscious he was of his role as a father, husband as well as his role as a servant of the community.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1917

The ROR of April-May-1917 contains an english translation by Dard. The article is written by unknown and is titled, “Ahmad’s Teachings to his Followers”. 

The ROR of July-1917 reports an essay by him entitled, “The Need of Revelation”. His name is written as M. Rahim Baksh, M.A.. In it, he argues why revelation is needed. 

Khutbah Ilhamiya has 12 pages translated into english in the ROR of Sep-1917, translated by M. Rahim Baksh (M.A.) aka Dard.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________1919

After completing his studies in 1919 at the age of 25 in the holy citadel of Qadian, he devoted his entire life to God and became Waqif-e-Zindagi (i.e. a life devotee) and thus started a journey of one of the most illustrious services rendered in the history of the Ahmadiyya Muslim community.

The Mar-Apr-1919 edition of the ROR shows that he translated 8 pages of “A’ina-e-Kamalat-e-Islam” into english. The Dec-1919 edition of the ROR tells the world that Mufti Muhammad Sadiq has been ordered by the Khalifa to go the USA. The essay or announcement is written by Rahim Baksh aka Dard.
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1920

The 1920 Qadian Jalsa

He is at the 1920 Jalsa at Qadian, via the ROR of Jan-1921.

1920

Review Of Religions – August & September 1920 Edition


https://x.com/ahmadiyya_arc/status/1847356990072508858?s=46&t=HTqZKquoOvKbgoBAF2aQcg

The Aug-Sep-1920 edition of the ROR tells us that the Ahmadiyya Movement has purchased a plot of land wherein housing for missionaries and a small temple could be built.

Ahmadiyya sources alleged, that in early 1920, announcements were made to collect funds for a mosque in London. The Ahmadi community in Qadian raised 12,000 rupees. Unlike others, we didn’t plead with the government for funds but came together ourselves. By August 1920, a piece of land and a building were bought for £2,223 (30,000 rupees) in Southfields, London. Today, we’re sharing a rare image of 63 Melrose Road, the mission house before and during the early years of the Fazl Mosque. The building no longer exists, but this photo captures (from right to left): Chaudhry Ali Muhammad, Abdur Raheem Dard, and Yaqub Ali Irfani  in front of it.

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________1921

Just two years later – at the age of just 26 – he held the post of ‘Post Officer’ (1920 – 1922), which may not sound like an important or senior post, but it certainly was, for it was during his period in this office that it was renamed as ‘Private Secretary’. So he had the distinction of being the very first person to hold the title of Private Secretary to a Khalifa.

You can see his essay’s in the ROR, see the Dec-1921 edition. The ROR of August-1921 reports that Maulawi Rahim Bakhsh, M.A., B.T. is about to be sent to London to relieve Fateh Muhammad Sayyal.

He was supposed to go to London in 1921 and relieve Fateh Muhammad Sayyal, however, this was cancelled abruptly, the ROR tells us the reason was financial embarrassment, however, we don’t know what that means.
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1922

The Moslem Sunrise of Oct-1922 has an article by Rahim Bakhsh (M.A.).

In Oct-1922, the 2nd Qadiani-Ahmadi Khalifa forbade Ahmadi’s to call Muslims as Kafir’s openly, and most Qadiani-Ahmadi’s complied (see the ROR of Jan-Feb-Mar-1923, pages 46-75). The context of this letter is a situation wherein Lahori’s were arguing Qadiani’s somewhere (the location is not given). This letter was originally written in Urdu and translated into English by Mian Rahim Bakhsh (M.A.)(aka Maulana Abdur Raheem Dard). The ROR was edited by the 2nd Qadiani-Ahmadi Khalifa’s brother Mirza Bashir Ahmad. Thus, this was verified by many high-level Ahmadi sources. Check out my full master article on Ahmadiyya and Takfir herein. 

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1923
ROR of Jan-Feb-Mar-1923, pages 46-75

In Oct-1922, the 2nd Qadiani-Ahmadi Khalifa forbade Ahmadi’s to call Muslims as Kafir’s openly, and most Qadiani-Ahmadi’s complied (see the ROR of Jan-Feb-Mar-1923, pages 46-75). The context of this letter is a situation wherein Lahori’s were arguing Qadiani’s somewhere (the location is not given). This letter was originally written in Urdu and translated into English by Mian Rahim Bakhsh (M.A.)(aka Maulana Abdur Raheem Dard). The ROR was edited by the 2nd Qadiani-Ahmadi Khalifa’s brother Mirza Bashir Ahmad. Thus, this was verified by many high-level Ahmadi sources. Check out my full master article on Ahmadiyya and Takfir herein. 

_____________________________________________________________________________________________1924

At birth, he was named Mian Rahim Baksh (or M. Rahim Baksh, see the ROR of January-1924 and March-1924). In the summer of 1924, he accompanied the Khalifa on his tour of the British empire and stayed in the UK as the missionary-in-charge. He returned to India by 1928. In the Oct-1924 edition of the ROR, his name is listed as Maulvi Rahim Bakhsh Dard. It seems that his name was changed by the Khalifa when they were in London. In the November-1924 and January-1925 edition of the ROR, the name Dard appears.

He travels with the Khalifa to London. The historic journey to London took them through many places including Damascus, Palestine and Egypt. They also visited Italy and France and finally reached England on 22 August 1924. The Wembley Conference on 23rd, September 1924 – at which Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan read out Hudhur’s speech ‘Ahmadiyyat, the True Islam’. It was during this visit, on the 19th of October, 1924 when Hudhur laid the foundation stone of the Fazl Mosque, the very first Mosque in London (also commonly known as the London Mosque) and appointed Maulana Dard as Missionary In-charge of the Ahmadiyya Muslim community UK. In this day and age where every modern facility is available this does not seem to be a major issue but it was a huge sacrifice to live thousands of miles away from home in a foreign land with meagre resources and without the modern communications we take for granted. Yet he bore this challenge with pride and he devoted his time to preaching, not only in the UK, but across Europe as well. He was phenomenally successful.

During his time, Maulana Dard oversaw the construction of the very first mosque in London that was opened in October 1926, and he had the honour of being appointed as its first Imam. The mosque has since played a critical role in the history of the Ahmadiyya community and indeed the wider world.

More on the name change, we have heard that this is due to an incident that took place many years later in early-1924 whilst on tour with Khalifatul Masih II in Dalhousie. At Dalhousie they received the good news that Chaudhry Fateh Muhammad Sial (the first Ahmadi missionary in England) had just acquired land for the construction of a mosque. A Jalsa of thanks was held at which Hudhur (Khalifatul Masih II) asked people to prepare and recite poetry. Hudhur was so impressed with Maulana Dard’s poetry that he said that he has turned out to be a hidden gem. The Mirza family always has their mullahs carry out their orders, since they know that they can trust these brainwashed mullahs. Maulana Abdur Raheem Dard is another such mullah.


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1925
Ahmadiyya Archive & Research on X: “Historic First: Hazrat Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dard’s (ra) 1925 Visit to the Netherlands 🇳🇱✨ In 1925, Hazrat Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dard (ra) made history as the first Ahmadi missionary to visit the Netherlands! 📜 His arrival in Amsterdam, photographed in front of the C.S., marked a https://t.co/TeH6U8ZXje” / X

Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dard’s 1925 visit to the Netherlands. In 1925, Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dard made history as the first Ahmadi missionary to visit the Netherlands! His arrival in Amsterdam, photographed in front of the C.S., marked a significant moment for the Ahmadiyya Community.
Invited by: A society called “De Vrij-Religieuse Tempel” (The Free Religious Temple), established in Amsterdam, invited Dard to deliver a series of lectures. His talks sparked great interest and gained extensive press coverage, spreading the message of MGA across the country.  This visit was a powerful step in sharing the true teachings of Islam and Ahmadiyyat with a new audience.

#IslamicHistory #Ahmadiyya #Netherlands

 

Early schedule of lectures: February 1925

Initially, Dard Sahibra was to visit the Netherlands in February 1925. De Tempel published an announcement about Dard Sahib’sra proposed lectures in the Netherlands under the heading “Vrij Religieuse Tempel, Valeriusplein 20, Amsterdam—Sunday Morning Meetings”. It stated that he will deliver a lecture, titled “Islam is the only living religion” on 15 February, and “Ahmad, the Promised Messiah” on 22 February. (De Tempel, 1 February 1925, Vol. 2, No. 21, p. 395)

An announcement was published in the 15 February issue as well.

On 16 February, Algemeen Handelsblad announced under the heading “A Mohammedan clergyman in Amsterdam”:

“Thursday, 19 February, in the evening at 8 o’clock, in a public meeting in the building of ‘De Vrij-Religieuse Tempel’ in Amsterdam, Valeriusplein 20, Mr Abdur Rahim Dard M. A., Mohammedan clergyman, will be the speaker. Subject: ‘Islam is the only living religion.’ The speech will be translated directly from English into Dutch.”

Vlissingse Courant of 17 February 1925 published a similar announcement.

Dard Sahib Lectures
Left: Early schedule of lectures | Right: Revised schedule of lectures

Postponement of lectures

Unfortunately, these lectures were postponed due to unforeseen circumstances, as later explained by the Dutch press.

This postponement was announced by Algemeen Handelsblad in its 19 February issue, wherein it was mentioned that Dard Sahibra had to stay in London due to the martyrdom of two Ahmadis in Afghanistan: Maulvi Abdul Haleem Sahib and Maulvi Qari Noor Ali Sahib.

The same periodical mentioned this postponement in its 24 February 1925 issue, along with an introduction to Ahmadiyyat and the claims of the Promised Messiahas:

“The following details were recently published in the Vrij-Religieuse weekly magazine ‘De Tempel’, about the reformist Mohammedan movement, a follower of which was to give a lecture in Amsterdam last week but was prevented from doing so at the last moment:

“‘The Ahmadiyya movement, which is now gaining more and more followers in Western Europe and America as well, is a purely religious movement in Islam of only a recent date. Founded in the year 1890 [sic., 1889] by Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad[as], when the number of his followers was only 40, the movement already had several hundred thousand followers at the time of the Founder’s demise in May 1908. At present, in 1921, the number of Ahmadi Muslims amounted to almost a million. The centre of the movement is located in the town of Qadian, situated in the Punjab, at the foot of the Himalayas. Main branches are located in England, Germany, North America, West Africa, the Gold Coast, Mauritius, Egypt, Persia, Bukhara and Australia. The intention of Ahmad[as] of Qadian was to purify Islam from all the evils, superstitions and abuses which had crept in during the later centuries.’”

Dard Sahib 5A 2

Revised schedule for lectures: May 1925

In May 1925, De Tempel published a photograph of Hazrat Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dardra, and provided a lengthy introduction of him and Jamaat-e-Ahmadiyya. The article stated under the heading “A Muslim Teacher in Our Country”:

“Thursday evening, 7 May, and Sunday morning, 10 May, Mr Abdur Rahim Dard (Rahim Bakhsh) M.A. will speak for the Vrij Religieuse Tempel in the main building of De Vrij Religieuse Tempel, Valeriusplein 20, Amsterdam.

“As our readers will remember, Mr Dard was initially supposed to have given two lectures in Amsterdam in March [sic., February], but the murder in Afghanistan of two prominent Ahmadiyya followers forced him to stay in England. As this message arrived by telegram at the last moment, it was a great disappointment to many.

“On Wednesday, May 6, Mr Dard will arrive at the [Amsterdam] Centraal Station at 9:16 and will give two lectures on the dates mentioned above, for which, we have no doubt, there will be considerable interest.

Dard Sahib
Announcement about the upcoming lectures of Hazrat Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dardra

“We believe this is the first time an Indian Mohammedan teacher will speak in public in our country, and it is certainly the first time that this will be an Ahmadiyya teacher. The Ahmadiyya movement in Islam is a reformist movement, about which a series of articles [by Miss Hidayat Budd] have been published in De Tempel.

“Mr Dard occupies a very important position in this movement that has more than a million followers. He has been in Europe for several months and has previously spent many years in Qadian under the leadership of Khalifatul Masih. […]

“So, one will soon have the privilege of being able to hear one of the most gifted and prominent leaders of this movement in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The Vrij Religieuse Tempel seized this opportunity to invite Mr Abdur Rahim Dard to cross over to Holland, since it strives so much to help spread distinct insight of all directions in the spiritual domain of ​​life and thereby also to bring to light the unity that is perhaps often deeply hidden – synthetic and connecting – between all that is apparently far apart. […]

“May Mr Abdur Rahim Dard be given a pleasant welcome and witness a shown interest in a great mind and broad views.”

Towards the end, the article mentioned that “Mr Dard is the head of the Ahmadiyya mosque in London and regularly leads the services there.” (De Tempel, 1 May 1925, Vol. 3, No. 3, p. 48)

Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant also announced the revised schedule of his lectures in its 1 May 1925 issue, stating that Dard Sahibra “is the head of the Ahmadiyya mosque in London and regularly leads the services there.”

Dard Sahib’sra arrival in the Netherlands

On 6 May 1925, Hazrat Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dardra arrived in the Netherlands. Upon his arrival, De Courant Het nieuws van den dag and De Telegraaf published his photograph with the following caption:

“Abdur Rahim Dard will speak tomorrow evening and Sunday morning at the Vrij Religieuse Tempel in Amsterdam.”

On the same day, Het volk: Dagblad voor de arbeiderspartij wrote:

“Vrij Religieuse Tempel, Valeriusplein 20. Thursday at 8 pm Mr Abdur Rahim Dard, a Mohammedan teacher, will speak.”

On 7 May 1925, De Telegraaf once again announced his arrival and also gave a detailed introduction of the Promised Messiahas.

Algemeen Handelsblad published a photograph of Dard Sahibra in its 7 May 1925 issue.

The lectures

De Tempel, in its 15 May 1925 issue, published a detailed article about Dard Sahib’sra lectures, along with two photographs.

Dard Sahib DE Tempel

The first caption read: “I. Mr Abdur Rahim Dard M. A, photographed in front of the C.S. upon his arrival in Amsterdam. II. The Leader of the Vrij Religieuse Tempel.”

The second caption said: “Mr Dard, after the Sunday morning meeting, in the midst of a group of leading Temple members.”

The article began:

“At the invitation of De Vrij Religieuse Tempel, Mr Abdur Rahim Dard M.A. stayed in Amsterdam from 6 to 10 May and gave two lectures there. In a small press conference, arranged by us for this purpose, where representatives of various major groups showed their interest, we found Mr Dard willing to provide us with some information about the remarkable movement in Islam, of which he is a representative, and also about some issues of the East, seen from the standpoint of the Ahmadiyya.”

The article then mentioned Dard Sahib’sra message to the people of the Netherlands, wherein he stated that he has brought “the news that God has raised a Prophet in India. His name is Ahmad[as]. He says that he has been sent by God. He comes from the East as the Gospel of Matthew says: ‘For as the lightning cometh out of the east, and shineth even unto the west; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. [Matthew, 24:28].’ The prophecy of the world has been fulfilled in the person of Ahmad[as]. The people of Holland may believe in him, and that the keys that open heaven have been given to him. This is my message to your people. I am the first Indian who comes to you with this feeling of gratitude and brotherhood.” (De Tempel, 15 May 1925, Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 64)

The article gave a detailed introduction of the Promised Messiahas and Khilafat-e-Ahmadiyya in light of Dard Sahib’sra lectures. It wrote: “The world of Islam is divided and can only become one, said Mr Dard, if it unites in our Community.”

It further stated that “another important distinction” between the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and other religious movements is that it believe that “God still speaks in words.” (Ibid., p. 65)

Several other Dutch periodicals covered his visit and published his photographs as well.

De Tempel, on 1 August 1925, published an article titled “Dr. Rudolf Steiner’s Departure and the Spiritual Status of Europe”, by Marcel van de Velde, which mentioned:

“We had so recently such row of representatives of the East: Krishnamurti, Rabindranath Tagore, Sadhu Sundar Singh, Jinarajadasa, Murshid Inayat Khan, Abdur Rahim Dard, and those who will follow.”

More lectures: October 1925

De Tempel of 1 September 1925 announced additional lectures in October by Hazrat Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dardra, under the heading “Lectures on Islam”:

“Mr Abdur Rahim Dard M. A. of London will give two lectures in the Vrij Religieuse Tempel, namely on Thursday evening 8 and Sunday morning 11 October. It will certainly be pleasant for many to meet this sympathetic Indian teacher again and those who were unable to attend last time will now have the opportunity to listen to his lecture. The interest in his previous lectures was great and will certainly not be less now.”

Announcing the lecture dated 11 October, Algemeen Handelsblad wrote on 10 October:

“The Vrij Religieuse Tempel, 10:30, Valeriusplein 20. Abdur Rahim Dard M. A., Mohammedan cleric of the Ahmadiyya Mosque in London. Subject: Life and Teachings of Mohammed[sa].”

On 15 October 1925, De Tempel published the lecture of Hazrat Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dardra, titled “Islam and civilization”. Mentioning this, Nieuwe Vlaardingsche Courant of 23 October 1925 wrote under the heading “The Temple”:

“The contents of the issue of October 15 of ‘De Tempel’, a magazine dedicated to Vrij Religieuse [Tempel], published by Mij. de Vrij Rel. Tempel, in Amsterdam, are as follows: […] Islam and Civilization, by Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dard. […]”

Delftsche Courant of 23 October 1925 also referred to the same under the heading “De Tempel (Valeriusplein 20, Amsterdam)”:

“The Imam of the first mosque in London, Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dard, writes about Islam and civilization.”

The second lecture was then published in the 1 November 1925 issue of De Tempel, titled “Life and Teachings of Muhammad”.

Dard Sahib Lectures 1925

In his autobiography, Hazrat Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dardra mentions a letter highlighting the significance of these lectures. He writes:

“On 5 September 1948, Hafiz Qudratullah wrote me from The Hague:

“‘The Holland Mission is indebted to you. You had delivered lectures in Amsterdam at some time, which were later compiled in a book form as well. We are utilising that [book] now. Once in London, while re-organising the old papers, I found around 60 copies of your book. I brought them here. Since we had no literature in Dutch yet, we have been utilising this very book. […] May Allah the Almighty reward you for this good work. Amin.’” (File)

Dard Sahibra also quotes a South African newspaper that mentions his lectures, stating:

“‘Islam and Civilisation’ is the title of the first of the three pamphlets. It is a lecture of Mr A.R. Dard (of London) delivered in Amsterdam last year. It treats of the various scientific discoveries made by Muslims.

“This London gentleman also delivered another address while he was residing in Amsterdam, ‘Life and Teachings of Muhammad’ follows the same plan as that outlined in ‘Islam and Civilisation’ which is suitable for distribution on a mass scale.” (The Moslem Outlook, 11 December 1926). (File)

In 1926, mentioning the upcoming inauguration of the Fazl Mosque, Tilburgsche Courant wrote under the heading “The Mosque in London”, and stated:

“The Imam (leader) of this first Mosque will be Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dard M. A. (this gentleman also appeared several times in Amsterdam as a speaker, as a guest of the Vrij Religieuse Tempel).” (Tilburgsche Courant, 30 September 1926)

Dard Sahib London Mosque Netherlands 1925

In one of her articles for The Review of Religions, Miss Hidayat Budd mentioned the foundation laying ceremony for the first Free-Religious Temple in Holland, and wrote:

“In the annals of Ahmadiyyat in Holland the name of the Vrij Religieuse Tempel will ever be mentioned with gratitude: By the Grace of Allah, several times already Maulvi Abdur Rahiem Dard[ra] has been a guest of this Society, delivering from its platform the Message of Ahmad[as] to the Dutch public; and the bi-monthly paper of this Society, ‘De Tempel,’ is also always open to Islam.” (The Review of Religions, Vol. 25, July 1926, pp. 1-2)

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1926

1926-Oct
The Western Daily Press, Bristol of Oct-4-1926

The Graphic, of Oct-2-1926

On Oct-1, King Faisal seems to have landed in the UK and was received by A.R. Dard.


The Western Daily Press, Bristol of Oct-4-1926 reports that the King of Saudia (Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud) was supposed to open the Melrose Road mosque with Dr. A.R. Dard, even making the trip there but at the last minute he pulled out because he heard that it wasn’t a real Muslim mosque.

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The Sphere reports that the new Qadiani Mullah at London is Imam Dard, and he is working at the Qadiani Fazl Mosque.

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1928

In 1928, he had already visited Damascus, Constantinople and Baghdad and during his second term he visited Spain, Albania, Holland, Belgium and Germany. All the time he was engaged in preaching to people he met whilst on travel.

The Daily Mirror of Jun-1-1928, it is reported how Dard was with Lord Allenby (aka Field Marshall Viscount Allenby) at a Garden Party at the Fazl Mosque in London.

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1930
https://twitter.com/Ehzan/status/1492292103384219655/photo/1

_____________________________________________________________________________________________1931

One of the key political roles played by Maulana Dard was in the All India Kashmir Committee. The origins of this committee lay in Hudhur’s concern for the plight of the Muslims of Kashmir and by 1931 the situation had deteriorated dramatically and Muslims were facing severe persecution at the hands of a tyrant Maharaja.

Hudhur was moved to bring together leading Muslims of India to help alleviate the suffering of Muslims in Kashmir and the All India Kashmir Committee was formed. At the recommendation of Dr Sir Muhammad Iqbal, Hudhur was elected the first president of the committee and Hudhur appointed Dard sahib its first secretary.

When Hudhur was granted a meeting with the Viceroy of India at Shimla, Maulana Dard was with him. In Shimla he met with political leaders and ministers and they were so impressed with his knowledge and political acumen that this opened doors to further discussions and resulted in great progress in helping the Kashmiri Muslims.

A great attribute of Maulana Dard was that despite the fact the he was regularly meeting and mixing with the highest authorities he never let such matters get to him and always remained humble and clear of the purpose of his mission. Once, Hudhur sent him to Sri Nagar on behalf of the Kashmir Committee to independently assess the situation. The Ahrar (an organisation that was opposed to Muslims) found out about this visit and they alerted the Maharaja of Kashmir to this. The Maharaja sent a full delegation to meet Maulana Dard at the border and they insisted that he stayed at the palace as their official guest. However, Maulana Dard refused and never moved an inch from his mission so that his impartiality could not be called into question. Despite the strenuous attempts by the Maharaja’s representative, he remained firm and stayed in a houseboat instead. Such was his sense of duty and purpose of mind. It was such acts that won him acclaim and respect.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________1933-1938

In 1933 (See ROR of May-1933), Maulana Dard was again appointed to England for a second term as Imam of The London Mosque. He is mentioned in the ROR of May-1933 as doing religious work in London. (he officially took over the London mission on March-12, 1933 from Maulvi Farzand Ali, see ROR of May-1933).

He is also mentioned in the ROR of Aug-1933. Maulvi Muhammad Yar Arif (Secretary and assistant imam of the London mosque wrote a report on Ahmadiyya in London on July 20th, 1933, this report was published in the ROR of Sep-1933. He mentioned how Dard gave a speech to many visitors, how Zafrullah Khan was there. Zafrullah Khan had been in England for about 3 months, (June, July, August) and would be travelling to Canada on behalf of the British Government and then to the USA.

Dard’s report of missionary activity is published in the ROR of Nov-1933. He claims to have given a lecture at the Dorking Rotary Club. He talked about MGA’s prophecies like Dowie, Lekh Ram, the Great European War (doomsday earthquake), the destruction of the Czar dynasty (Russia). He also mentioned how Ahmadi’s are persecuted and killed in Afghanistan, Maulvi Abdul Latif and a few others. Dard also claims that M.M. Ahmad (B.A.) had recently came to London.

The ROR of Dec-1933 has a report of missionary work by Maulvi Muhammad Yar Arif (assistant imam of the London mosque) dated Oct-26-1933. He reports that Maulana Abdur Raheem Dard gave the Friday sermon. He then alleges that a Mr. and Mrs. Kween have accepted Ahmadiyya.
He also alleges that a South African man named Dr. Sullaiman’s (who was allegedly one of the most sincere Ahmadi’s of England) brother-in-law had converted to Ahmadiyya. He reports how Zafrullah Khan was in England and helping the Ahmadiyya mission. Maulvi Muhammad Yar Arif claims to have went to Hyde park and did some preaching.

His Khalifa insisted that Ahmadi-Mullahs get involved with politics, in fact, as an employee of Mirza Mahmud Ahmad, Dard did whatever he was told, without asking any questions, in typical Punjabee servitude. He is famously credited for convincing Jinnah to return to British-India and to work with Ahmadis and the British in terms of the partition of India after WW-2. Since the queen had promised to free India, since the indian people helped the Brits during WW-2.

Jinnah announced his plan to return to politics from an Ahmadi mosque in the UK
As we all know, Ahmadis were heavily involved in politics since at least 1889. Before that, MGA was favored in British-India, they dropped charged on MGA many times and always offered him a chair when he came to their court.  here is a famous incident from the late 1890’s wherein MGA’s biggest critic and old friend wasn’t given a chair…whereas MGA was. It’s obvious, that Ahmadis were always favored by the British and used to shape the politics of the sub-continent.

Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan (1978). Ahmadiyyat: the renaissance of Islam. Tabshir Publications. pp. 242–. He, therefore, directed Mr A. R. Dard, Imam of the London Mosque, to get in touch with Mr Jinnah and try to persuade … of 9 April 1933: There was a large gathering in the grounds of the mosque in Melrose Road, Wimbledon, where Mr Jinnah, ..

 

The Sunday Times of London reported:

“There was also a large gathering in the grounds of the little mosque in Melrose Road, Wimbledon, where Mr Jinnah, the famous Indian Moslem, spoke on India’s future. The chair was taken by Sir Nairne Stewart Sandeman, MP, and there were quite a number of other non-Moslems present. 

“Mr Jinnah made unfavourable comments on the Indian ‘White Paper’ and the ‘safeguards’ from a national point of view. The chairman, in reply, took up the Churchill attitude on the subject, and this led to heckling by some of the Muslim students present, who were, however, eventually calmed by the Imam of the Mosque.” (Sunday Times, 9 April 1933)

1209
Sunday Times, 9 April 1933

During his speech, Jinnah said:

“The eloquent persuasion of the Imam left me no escape.” (Encyclopaedia Quaid-e-Azam, p. 780, Zahid Hussain Anjum)

Elaborating on this, the Pakistan Times stated:

“It was Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan and Maulana Abdur Rahim Dard[ra], an Imam of London Mosque, who persuaded Mr. M. A. Jinnah to change his mind and return home to play his role in the national politics. Consequently, Mr. Jinnah returned to India in 1934 and was elected to the Central Assembly, un-opposed.” (Pakistan Times, 11 September 1981, Quaid-I-Azam Anniversary Supplement, p. 11, col. 1)

Jinnah


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1934

He is mentioned in the ROR of Jan-Feb-1934 in terms of an essay entitled, “Ahmadiyya Movement in Foreign Lands” (England). This is a series of letters that he wrote to Qadian. He mentions that someone has converted to Ahmadiyya from South Africa and 2 in England. The ROR also alleges that a young man named Abdul Aziz did lots of preaching and also mentions the assistant Imam at London, Muhammad Yar Arif. Zafrullah Khan was also there as well as Mirza Muzaffar Ahmad.

The ROR of June-1934 has an extensive report by Dard wherein he explains his missionary work in and around London. The ROR of June-1934 alleges that the Qadiani-Ahmadi missionary Maulana Abdur Raheem Dard had 2000 letters published and sent to Holland (Netherlands). Ironically, he sent birthday and new year greetings to many British politicians. Jinnah was invited to the latest Eid festival, all of this is reported by Dard. Zafrullah Khan is mentioned in terms of Kashmir and a situation therein. He wrote a book review in the ROR of July-1934. He is mentioned in the ROR of August-1934 as working in and around London. His work with Zafrullah Khan is mentioned in England. He has an essay in the ROR of Sep-Oct-1934 entitled, “The Claims of Islam”.
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1935

In 1935, he started a newspaper while in London called “Muslim Times”, he attacked the Ahrar’s and the local British officials in the Punjab (See ROR of August-1935 also). In 1935, he wrote letters to British officials about the Ahrar situation (1934-1935)(See page 198/356). The ROR of Sep-1935 reports that Dard has a book for sale about hadith. He is also mentioned in the ROR of Nov-1935.

The Folkestone Herald reports that Dard said a Moslem is not a Moslem if they don’t believe in Buddha, Christ, Zoroaster or Moses. Folkestone Herald, 1935.

1935
July-12

Ahmadi sources allege that in July of 1935, King Faisal Crown Prince Faisal Bin Abdul Aziz visited the Qadiani Fazl Mosque in London, he is seen seated here with his colleague and Qadiani-Ahmadi missionary Jalal ud Din Shams giving a speech. However, Jalal ud Din Shams was reportedly in Qadian and soon to leave)(ROR of Oct-1935). Thus the timeline seems dubious. In the 2nd photo, King Faisal Crown Prince Faisal Bin Abdul Aziz is in front of the Al-Fazl Mosque with his entourage and Jalal ud Din Shams is also spotted. It could be Maulana Abdur Rahim Dard (who was the Imam in London in 1935).

The 3rd photo (seems to be from the 1950’s) you can see Hafiz Qudratullah, (Qadiani missionary in Holland) and Zafrullah Khan in what looks like the 1950’s, they are giving something (Ahmadiyya literature) to Prince Fahd Al-Faisal.

Scans

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1936
The Daily Herald of Sep-22-1936

The Daily Herald of Sep-22-1936 reports that A.R. Dard is working out of London and alleges that 200-300 white people have converted to Qadianism. A convert is mentioned, Miss Sakeena (previously known as Ella Banks), the newspaper alleges that her mother, father and 2 younger sisters also joined the Qadiani’s. The entire family disappeared from the history of Ahmadiyya soon thereafter.
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1937

He is mentioned in the ROR of Apr-1937. It seems that he has recently published an Ahmadiyya Album. 
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1938

He has an essay in the ROR of March-1938 entitled, “The Islamic Caliphate”. He quotes 24:55.

He has an essay in the ROR of May-1938 entitled, “The Importance of Hadith”.

He returned to Qadian, this is reported in the Civil and Military Gazette of Oct-29-1938. They also claim that Dard represents all the Muslims on India.

Scan

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1939

He is mentioned in the ROR of Oct-Nov and Dec-1939, he seems to be writing his famous book, “Life of Ahmad” by Dard in pieces.
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1941

He has an article in the ROR of Aug-1941 wherein he discusses MGA’s books of 1891 and opponents. Ghaznavi is mentioned, Maulvi Abdul Jabbar, Syed Muhammad Hussain Batalvi and Nazir Hussain were also mentioned.

The ROR of Oct-1941 mentions the son of the Khalifa, Mirza Khalil Ahmad as being barely 17. He had received a packet wherein the sender’s name was not given, he was in Dalhousie with his father (the 2nd Khalifa) and a huge entourage. He decided to ask Dard to ask his father (the 2nd Khalifa) for advice on the matter. They decided to give the package back to the postmaster and refuse acceptance. Mirza Khalil Ahmad was able to open the packet and look at the contents, and they were anti-British, he then showed his father (the 2nd Khalifa) and he saw the same and sent this to the Governor of the Punjab. Then the police showed up and asked Dard about speaking to Mirza Khalil Ahmad, wherein Dard refused, the 2nd Khalifa heard about it and agreed to let his son speak to the police. Mirza Khalil Ahmad spoke to the police and offered no answers. Dard then began arguing with the police and refusing to give them the packet. At this point, the police snatched the packet out of his hands. Mirza Nasir Ahmad was also there, as was Mirza Muzaffar Ahmad, both of these were called for a huge police brigade was enroute to the place wherein the 2nd Khalifa was staying. The ROR argues that Mirza Nasir Ahmad had studied for the BAR while at Oxford and was of the opinion that the police should leave ASAP. Mr. Slater, a sub-divisional magistrate of Dalhousie soon showed up to this scene. Its a lengthy entry.
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1942

He has an essay in the ROR entitled, “Harut, Marut” and another one entitled, “The Bible Interpolated”. He also translated a Friday Sermon of the 2nd Khalifa into english, which was published in the Al-Fazl of June 5th, 1942.

He has an essay in the ROR of Dec-1942 entitled, “Stray Notes”.
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1943

He has an essay in the ROR of Feb-1943 entitled, “The Islamic Method of Slaughter”.
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1944

The ROR of March-1944 reports that Dard gave a speech in January of 1944 at Qadian during the announcement/claim of Musleh Maud.

He is mentioned in the ROR of Aug-1944 as someone who has written articles for the ROR.
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1947

He moved to Lahore and later Rabwah with the Khalifa during partition.
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1948

He famously publishes “Life of Ahmad”, which is the most comprehensive book on the life of MGA.
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1952

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 3rd Quarter-1952, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh and at 115 W. 116th St. Suite-2, NY, NY. The 2nd Qadiani Khalifa has Part-4 of this essay, “Communism and Democracy” is given. Zafrullah Khan wrote a book review in terms of a book by a famous Lahori-Ahmadi, Khwaja Nazeer Ahmad, the book is “Jesus in Heaven on Earth”. The book was immediately banned by the governor of the Punjab in April of 1953, the Lahori-Ahmadi’s then won a court case and got it re-published in Pakistan in 1956 (see the forward). Shaikh Nasir Ahmad (of Switzerland) has an essay on “Jesus in the Quran” (Part-3), he writes about 4:157-159 and alleges that Jesus (as) went to Kashmir. 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 10 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 3 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 3 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 1 book by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad and 1 book from A.R. Dard.

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 4th Quarter-1952, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh and at 265 W. 30th St., NY, NY. There is an essay by Mirza Bashir Ahmad entitled, “Islam and Communism: A Comparison”. 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 10 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 3 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 3 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 1 book by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad and 1 book from A.R. Dard.
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1953

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the First Quarter-1953, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh and at 265 W. 30th St., NY, NY. 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 10 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 3 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 3 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 1 book by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England) and 1 book from A.R. Dard. The 2nd Qadiani-Ahmadi Khalifa has a long essay on the history of Islam.

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 2nd Quarter-1953, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh and at 265 W. 30th St., NY, NY. 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 10 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 3 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 3 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 1 book by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England) and 1 book from A.R. Dard. MGA is quoted, there is an essay by the 2nd Qadiani Khalifa, Zafrullah Khan has an essay too. Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England) has an essay too.

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 3rd Quarter-1953, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh and at 265 W. 30th St., NY, NY. 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 10 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 3 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 3 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 1 book by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England) and 1 book from A.R. Dard. The 2nd Qadiani Khalifa has an essay, Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England) has an essay.

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 4th Quarter-1953, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh and at 265 W. 30th St., NY, NY. 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 3 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 1 book by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England) and 2 books from A.R. Dard. Professor Muhammad Aslam has an essay on “Islam and International Relations”.  There is a huge announcement for “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam” and how it can be bought from 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., they allege that this is the first edition in English, however, that is not true, it was published in 1910 in English.
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1954

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 1st Quarter-1954, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh and at 265 W. 30th St., NY, NY. 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 3 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 1 book by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England) and 2 books from A.R. Dard.

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 2nd Quarter-1954, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh and at 265 W. 30th St., NY, NY. 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 3 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 1 book by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England) and 2 books from A.R. Dard.

Via the Moslem Sunrise of the 3rd Quarter-1954, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, 265 W. 30th St., NY, NY and a new location at 927 N. Fairfax Avenue, Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 3 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 1 book by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England) and 2 books from A.R. Dard.

Via the Moslem Sunrise of the 4th Quarter-1954, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, 265 W. 30th St., NY, NY and at 927 N. Fairfax Avenue, Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 3 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 1 book by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England) and 2 books from A.R. Dard. Zafrullah Khan is mentioned in a book review, he is presented to the world as “The Minister of Foreign Affairs” of Pakistan (and a Qadiani-Ahmadi his beef with the Ahrar’s is also mentioned. Lord Birdwood seems to be giving tribute to Zafrullah Khan (or for him), i.e., appreciating his work as a stooge of the colonists.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________1955

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the First Quarter-1955, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, 265 W. 30th St., NY, NY and at 927 N. Fairfax Avenue, Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 3 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 1 book by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England) and 2 books from A.R. Dard. It seems that Zafrullah Khan (Judge at the International Court of Justice, ICJ) was in Montreal and gave a speech at McGill University on Nov-4-1954, this was part of a Seminar on Islamic studies at the Institute of Islamic Studies, the title of the essay is, “The Concept of Justice in Islam”. Bashir Ahmad Orchard has an essay too, he is working in the West Indies (Trinidad and Tobago and British Guyana). Orchard quoted a book by Jalal ud Din Shams. A German translation of the Quran has been produced by the Ahmadiyya Movement, it is alleged to be the first ever. It can be bought via the headqaurters of Ahmadiyya in America, 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C. The 2nd Qadiani-Khalifa’s writings are given in the introduction and Shaikh Nasir Ahmad wrote a brief forward. Ahmadiyya sources allege that in Germany, Austria (among the German speaking population) and Switzerland (among the German speaking population) it was announced and hailed as informative.

The Muslim Sunrise of the 3rd Quarter-1955, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, 265 W. 30th St., NY, NY and at 927 N. Fairfax Avenue, Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 3 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 1 book by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England) and 2 books from A.R. Dard. It reports how Zafrullah Khan (Judge at the International Court of Justice, ICJ) gave 2 speeches at an Islamic Center in Washington D.C. on Nov-10-1954 and Jan-13-1955, a summary of the 2 speeches is given (Part-2). They published a correction in terms of the new German translation of the Quran, they tell the world that the Lahori-Ahmadi’s made the first ever German translation of the Quran and it was via Maulana Sadr ud Din (who was a pioneer Lahori-Ahmadi missionary in Germany and eventually became the Global President of the Lahori-Ahmadi’s).

The Muslim Sunrise of the 4th-Quarter-1955, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, 265 W. 30th St., NY, NY and at 927 N. Fairfax Avenue, Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 3 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 1 book by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England) and 2 books from A.R. Dard. A speech given by the 2nd Khalifa in London on July-30-1955 is reproduced, this was when the 2nd Ahmadiyya Khalifa toured Europe extensively, albeit with a piece of metal in his neck. They also reproduced a speech by Zafrullah Khan on July-26-1955 at the Islamic Renaissance Conference, Harvard Summer School, Cambridge, Massuchusetts. Another speech of Zafrullah Khan which was given at the Myrin Institute at Adelphi College, Garden City, NY. Wilfred Cantwell Smith is mentioned. 

After having served the community for more than 40 years, Maulana Dard had earned many distinctions. On 7 December 1955 when Maulana Dard suffered a heart attack whilst working in his office, and within a few hours, at 2.30pm, he breathed his last. He was aged 61. On Friday 9th December 1955 in his Friday Sermon, Khalifatul Masih II reflected on the life and times of Maulana Dard and paid glowing tributes to him in affectionate terms. So strong was the bond between Hudhur and his servant that as he delivered the sermon and recalled the services of Maulana Dard he had tears in his eyes.
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1956

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the First Quarter-1956, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, 265 W. 30th St., NY, NY and at 927 N. Fairfax Avenue, Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 3 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 1 book by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England) and 2 books from A.R. Dard. A speech by Zafrullah Khan (Judge of the International Court of Justice), on Oct-24-1955 is reproduced entitled, “Civilization at The Cross Roads”.  This speech was given before the Second National Conference on Spiritual Foundations, at Washington, D. C. The famous essay on Ahmadiyya by S.E. Brush is quoted.

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 2nd Quarter-1956, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, 265 W. 30th St., NY, NY and at 927 N. Fairfax Avenue, Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 3 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 1 book by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England) and 2 books from A.R. Dard. Part-2, of a speech by Zafrullah Khan (Judge of the International Court of Justice), on Oct-24-1955 is reproduced entitled, “Civilization at The Cross Roads”. A speech by Khalil Ahmad Nasir given on Feb-18-1955 at Annual Conference of the National Association of Bible Instructors, Midwest Region is reproduced.

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 3rd Quarter-1956, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, 265 W. 30th St., NY, NY and at 927 N. Fairfax Avenue, Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 4 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 1 book by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England) and 2 books from A.R. Dard. A speech by Professor Muhammad Aslam is reproduced which was delivered in Peshawar in April of 1956, this was for the Pakistan Philosophical Congress. Zafrullah Khan has an essay on “The Frontiers of Knowledge and Humanity’s First Hopes for the Future”. Shaikh Nasir Ahmad has an essay on “Our Daily Bread”.

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 4th Quarter-1956, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, 265 W. 30th St., NY, NY and at 927 N. Fairfax Avenue, Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 4 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 1 book by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England) and 2 books from A.R. Dard. Shaikh Nasir Ahmad has an essay about “Ahmadiyya in Spain”, he complains about how the Spanish Government banned the distribution of the “Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”.
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1957

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 1st Quarter-1957, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, 265 W. 30th St., NY, NY and at 927 N. Fairfax Avenue, Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 4 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 2 books by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England), 2 books from A.R. Dard and 3 books by Khalil Ahmad Nasir.  Zafrullah Khan’s speech on July-26-1955 at the Islamic Renaissance Conference, Harvard Summer School, Cambridge, Massuchusetts (and previously quoted in the Muslim Sunrise of the First Quarter-1956) is given. Another essay of Zafrullah Khan’s is given, “Islam and International Relations”. A book on Islam by the famous Laura Veccia Vaglieri is available for purchase from the Ahmadiyya headqaurters in the USA, 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C.

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 2nd Quarter-1957, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, a new location in NY, at 118 W. 87th St., NY, NY and at 927 N. Fairfax Avenue, Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 4 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 2 books by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England), 2 books from A.R. Dard and 3 books by Khalil Ahmad Nasir. A Qadiani-Ahmadi German/Dutch/English translation of the Quran is also available for sale as well as an english commentary of the Quran (this was very short and never went past Chapter 4 of the Quran) by the 2nd Khalifa and his team, this was started back in 1914 and never fully completed, instead, people in American used the Lahori-Ahmadi’s version of the Quran by Maulvi Muhammad Ali. A speech by Khalil Ahmad Nasir at Grinnell College in Grinnell, Iowa (on March-18-1957) is reproduced, the title is, “The Most Distinctive Contribution of Islam”. In a book review, the Qadiani’s alleged that Salaboohoo (4:157 of the Quran) meant “killed via Crucifixtion”. Shaikh Nasir Ahmad gave speech at Oct-8-1956 at the Oriental Institute of Vienna University in Austria, it is reproduced. A book on Islam by the famous Laura Veccia Vaglieri is available for purchase from the Ahmadiyya headquarters in the USA, 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C.

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 3rd Quarter-1957, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, at 118 W. 87th St., NY, NY and a new location at 1440 N. Curson St. Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 4 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 2 books by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England), 2 books from A.R. Dard and 3 books by Khalil Ahmad Nasir. A Qadiani-Ahmadi German/Dutch/English translation of the Quran is also available for sale as well as an english commentary of the Quran (this was very short and never went past Chapter 4 of the Quran) by the 2nd Khalifa and his team, this was started back in 1914 and never fully completed, instead, people in American used the Lahori-Ahmadi’s version of the Quran by Maulvi Muhammad Ali. A new Ahmadiyya mission in the Netherlands is announced, they seem to have bought a residential property and began calling it the Mubarak Mosque. A speech by Zafrullah Khan (from March 26-1957), the speech is entitled, “Toward Understanding the Middle East”. The 2nd Qadiani-Ahmadi Khalifa has an essay wherein he tries to refute a book by Christians (Constance E. Padwick and E. M. Mitchell), however, these books were supported by the British Government and even circulated in Africa.

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 4th Quarter-1957, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, at 118 W. 87th St., NY, NY and a new location at 1440 N. Curson St. Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 4 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 2 books by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England), 2 books from A.R. Dard and 3 books by Khalil Ahmad Nasir. A Qadiani-Ahmadi German/Dutch/English translation of the Quran is also available for sale as well as an english commentary of the Quran (this was very short and never went past Chapter 4 of the Quran) by the 2nd Khalifa and his team, this was started back in 1914 and never fully completed, instead, people in American used the Lahori-Ahmadi’s version of the Quran by Maulvi Muhammad Ali. A new Ahmadiyya temple/mosque in Hamburg, Germany is opened in July-1957. Zafrullah Khan gave a speech at Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, on March 7, 1957, this is reproduced.
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1958

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the First Quarter-1958, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, at 118 W. 87th St., NY, NY and a new location at 1440 N. Curson St. Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 4 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 2 books by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England), 2 books from A.R. Dard and 3 books by Khalil Ahmad Nasir. A Qadiani-Ahmadi German/Dutch/English translation of the Quran is also available for sale as well as an english commentary of the Quran (this was very short and never went past Chapter 4 of the Quran) by the 2nd Khalifa and his team, this was started back in 1914 and never fully completed, instead, people in American used the Lahori-Ahmadi’s version of the Quran by Maulvi Muhammad Ali. For the first time ever, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is listed as having a PhD (see page 32).

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 2nd Quarter-1958, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, at 118 W. 87th St., NY, NY and a new location at 1440 N. Curson St. Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 4 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 2 books by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England), 2 books from A.R. Dard and 3 books by Khalil Ahmad Nasir. A Qadiani-Ahmadi German/Dutch/English translation of the Quran is also available for sale as well as an english commentary of the Quran (this was very short and never went past Chapter 4 of the Quran) by the 2nd Khalifa and his team, this was started back in 1914 and never fully completed, instead, people in American used the Lahori-Ahmadi’s version of the Quran by Maulvi Muhammad Ali. Khalil Ahmad Nasir is listed as having a PhD.

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 3rd Quarter-1958, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, at 118 W. 87th St., NY, NY and a new location at 1440 N. Curson St. Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 4 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 2 books by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England), 2 books from A.R. Dard and 3 books by Khalil Ahmad Nasir. A Qadiani-Ahmadi German/Dutch/English translation of the Quran is also available for sale as well as an english commentary of the Quran (this was very short and never went past Chapter 4 of the Quran) by the 2nd Khalifa and his team, this was started back in 1914 and never fully completed, instead, people in American used the Lahori-Ahmadi’s version of the Quran by Maulvi Muhammad Ali. Khalil Ahmad Nasir is listed as having a PhD. Zafrullah Khan delivered a speech at the Sixteenth Congress of the International Association for Religious Freedom in Chicago, IIinois, on August 10, 1958.

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 4th Quarter-1958, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, at 118 W. 87th St., NY, NY and a new location at 1440 N. Curson St. Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 4 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 2 books by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England), 2 books from A.R. Dard and 3 books by Khalil Ahmad Nasir. A Qadiani-Ahmadi German/Dutch/English translation of the Quran is also available for sale as well as an English commentary of the Quran (this was very short and never went past Chapter 4 of the Quran) by the 2nd Khalifa and his team, this was started back in 1914 and never fully completed, instead, people in American used the Lahori-Ahmadi’s version of the Quran by Maulvi Muhammad Ali. Khalil Ahmad Nasir is listed as having a PhD. Wilfred Cantwell Smith’s “Islam in Modern History” is discussed. A man named Mr. Matthew J. Ritchie sent some questions to the Muslim Sunrise in terms of Zafrullah Khan’s in the previous edition.  Zafrullah Khan refused to answer the questions posed by Mr. Matthew J. Ritchie and deferred to the Muslim Sunrise to answer him. Zafrullah Khan also seems to have written the forward to “Islam and the Modern Age: An Analysis and an Appraisal” by Ilse Lichtenstadter.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
1959

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the First Quarter-1959, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, at 118 W. 87th St., NY, NY and a new location at 1440 N. Curson St. Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 4 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 2 books by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England), 2 books from A.R. Dard and 3 books by Khalil Ahmad Nasir. A Qadiani-Ahmadi German/Dutch/English translation of the Quran is also available for sale as well as an English commentary of the Quran (this was very short and never went past Chapter 4 of the Quran) by the 2nd Khalifa and his team, this was started back in 1914 and never fully completed, instead, people in American used the Lahori-Ahmadi’s version of the Quran by Maulvi Muhammad Ali. Khalil Ahmad Nasir is listed as having a PhD. An essay by Dr. Zafrullah Khan (Vice President of the International Court of Justice) entitled, “Islam and International Relations”.

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 2nd Quarter-1959, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, at 118 W. 87th St., NY, NY and a new location at 1440 N. Curson St. Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 4 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 2 books by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England), 2 books from A.R. Dard and 3 books by Khalil Ahmad Nasir. A Qadiani-Ahmadi German/Dutch/English translation of the Quran is also available for sale as well as an English commentary of the Quran (this was very short and never went past Chapter 4 of the Quran) by the 2nd Khalifa and his team, this was started back in 1914 and never fully completed, instead, people in American used the Lahori-Ahmadi’s version of the Quran by Maulvi Muhammad Ali. Khalil Ahmad Nasir is listed as having a PhD. Wilfred Cantwell Smith’s “Islam in Modern History” is discussed again. The work of Ilse Lichtenstadter is appreciated and discussed again.

Via the Muslim Sunrise of the 3rd Quarter-1959, Khalil Ahmad Nasir is the editor of the Moslem Sunrise, as well as the missionary-in-charge of the USA. Khalil Ahmad Nasir gave 2141 Leroy Place, N.W., Washington D.C., 4448 S. Wabash Ave, Chicago, 2532 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, at 118 W. 87th St., NY, NY and a new location at 1440 N. Curson St. Los Angeles, Ca. This edition has 1 book by MGA: “The Teachings of Islam” aka “The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam”. 11 books by the Qadiani 2nd Khalifa, 2 by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, 4 by Zafrullah Khan, 1 book by Sufi M.R. Bengalee, 1 book by J.D. Shams, 2 books by Shaikh Nasir Ahmad, a book by Zahoor Ahmad Bajwa (missionary-in-charge in England), 2 books from A.R. Dard and 3 books by Khalil Ahmad Nasir. A Qadiani-Ahmadi German/Dutch/English translation of the Quran is also available for sale as well as an English commentary of the Quran (this was very short and never went past Chapter 4 of the Quran) by the 2nd Khalifa and his team, this was started back in 1914 and never fully completed, instead, people in American used the Lahori-Ahmadi’s version of the Quran by Maulvi Muhammad Ali. Khalil Ahmad Nasir is listed as having a PhD. Lots of pages are missing, the entire essay of Shaikh Nasir Ahmad is missing.
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1981

The Sunday Times of London reported:

“There was also a large gathering in the grounds of the little mosque in Melrose Road, Wimbledon, where Mr Jinnah, the famous Indian Moslem, spoke on India’s future. The chair was taken by Sir Nairne Stewart Sandeman, MP, and there were quite a number of other non-Moslems present.

“Mr Jinnah made unfavourable comments on the Indian ‘White Paper’ and the ‘safeguards’ from a national point of view. The chairman, in reply, took up the Churchill attitude on the subject, and this led to heckling by some of the Muslim students present, who were, however, eventually calmed by the Imam of the Mosque.” (Sunday Times, 9 April 1933)

1209
Sunday Times, 9 April 1933

During his speech, Jinnah said:

“The eloquent persuasion of the Imam left me no escape.” (Encyclopaedia Quaid-e-Azam, p. 780, Zahid Hussain Anjum)

Elaborating on this, the Pakistan Times stated:

“It was Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan and Maulana Abdur Rahim Dard[ra], an Imam of London Mosque, who persuaded Mr. M. A. Jinnah to change his mind and return home to play his role in the national politics. Consequently, Mr. Jinnah returned to India in 1934 and was elected to the Central Assembly, un-opposed.” (Pakistan Times, 11 September 1981, Quaid-I-Azam Anniversary Supplement, p. 11, col. 1)

Jinnah

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Jinnah persuaded to return to politics by Ahmadiyya Missionary (rabwah.net)

The history behind Jinnah’s return to Indian politics in 1934 makes for an inconvenient truth. The man whose eloquent persuasion left Jinnah no escape in returning to politics, has been forgotten in the annals of official Pakistani history. That man was not Liaqat Ali Khan and certainly not Dr. Muhammad Iqbal but Abdur Rahim Dard – an Ahmadi missionary in London.

August 14, Pakistan Independence Day, is a date of great significance for Pakistanis everywhere but it has a particular resonance for Matiallah Dard, vice-chairman of Bexley Multi-Faith Forum and Thamesmead Inter-Faith Forum.

 

Imam of London Mosque Abdur Rahim DardIt was Mr Dard’s uncle, Maulana Abdur Rahmin Dard, who persuaded Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the founder and first leader of Pakistan, to leave London to go and further the cause of Muslims back home in India.

Jinnah, himself a Muslim, had been involved in politics in India and was particularly concerned about the situation of Muslims in the predominantly Hindu country.

In 1928, after studying the constitutional plan devised by a committee of the All India Congress Party, the Second Khalifa of Ahmadiyya Muslim Community highlighted the dangers this plan could mean for Muslims in a book entitled “Muslim Rights And The Nehru Plan”.

Maulana Mohammad Ali Jouhar, paid tribute to the work of the Ahmaddiyya Movement in fighting for an independent Muslim state in India with these words,

“It will be ungrateful if we do not mention (the Second Khalifa) and his well- disciplined Community who have devoted all their efforts, irrespective of doctrinal differences, towards the welfare of the Muslims. These gentlemen are, on the one hand, taking an active interest in the politics of Muslims and, on the other, energetically engaged in promoting the unity, organisation, trade and preaching among Muslims.

“The time is not far away when the attitude of this organised sect of Islam will provide guidance for the Muslim nation in general and for those persons in particular who are idly sitting under the domes of Bismillah and making boastful and empty claims of service to Islam..”

In the early 1930s, having despaired of any progress being made in getting Hindus & Muslims to live together peacefully, Jinnah left India and worked as a barrister in London.

At the time, Mr Dard’s uncle, who died in 1955, was Imam at the London Mosque in Southfields and he had been instructed by the spiritual leader of the Ahmadiyya Muslims, Hadhrat Khalifatul Masih II Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud, to persuade Jinnah to return home to take part in politics again.

Imam Dard and Jinnah became good friends and met regularly to talk about the situation in India but it was difficult to convince him.

Mr Dard, 74, said: “Jinnah was very stern man. Even Lord Mountbatten said he was a difficult man to deal with.

“He was really obstinate. He did not change his mind easily. “My uncle told me about the whole incident.

He said he asked Mr Jinnah many times why he was living in London and why he quit politics.”

Then one day the Imam made a remark that finally hit home with the politician.

Masjid-Fazl
London Mosque where Jinnah made the speech

Mr Dard said: “My uncle suggested that if he did not go back to India he would be a traitor to the Muslim cause. That affected him very much. “He was stunned and remained silent for a while. Then he asked my uncle what he should do.

To symbolize Jinnah’s return to politics, Dard arranged for a lecture on the future of India at the “London Mosque” in Putney London in April 1933 where Jinnah acknowledged the Imam’s role in his decision to return to political life, saying:

“The eloquent persuasion of the Imam left me no escape.” The Sunday Times, London, 9th April 1933.

Jinnah returned to India in 1934 and became Governor General of Pakistan when it became an independent state on August 14, 1947.

Prominent Muslim figures that have attended the London Mosque include Sir Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Prince Faisal of Saudi Arabia, Sir Feroz Khan Noon, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Muhammad Shafi (renowned Muslim Journalist), The Agha Khan, Muhammad Zafrulla Khan and A.K. Fazlul Huq.

Mr Dard said: “I am very happy and proud that I am related to the man who sent Jinnah back to make something of Pakistan.

“If he had not gone back, there would have been no Pakistan.”
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Church Peace Union, Universal Religious Peace Conference and an Ahmadiyya missionary
https://www.alhakam.org/church-peace-union-religious-conference-ahmadiyya/

Church Peace Union, Universal Religious Peace Conference and an Ahmadiyya missionary

0
Ata-ul-Haye Nasir and Tahmeed Ahmed, Ahmadiyya Archive & Research Centre
Dard Sahib in 1928 Meeting
Hazrat Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dardra (first from right) at the Preliminary Meeting of the Universal Religious Peace Conference, 1928

Religion has always been a topic of discussion. Whether one follows a faith or not, belief remains a vital part of every person’s life. It is a deep and personal aspect of our being, and one of the most effective ways to explore it is through reflection, dialogue and comparison.

Platforms for comparing religions have been numerous throughout history. Some famous examples include Akbar’s “House of Worship”, the 1893 “World’s Parliament of Religions” and the 1924 “Conference on Some Living Religions Within the Empire”. Their purpose remained the same: to present the core teachings of each religion on one stage, allowing their representatives to compare them and make their choice. Rather than fostering division, these events have shown that true comparison brings people closer together – for if we sincerely reflect, we will realise that all these rivers have flowed from the same source.

Religious conferences 1893-1928

In September 1893, the “World’s Parliament of Religions” was held as part of the World Columbian Exposition in Chicago, which was the first formal gathering of religious representatives of the Eastern and Western parts of the world.

This event, according to The Toronto Mail of 26 January 1894, marked “a distinct stage in the history of religion. There was never a time in all the past in which such a gathering could have taken place.”

Around two decades later, on the eve of World War I in 1914, Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) of New York assembled a group of leaders in religion, academia and politics, and appointed them trustees of an organisation named the Church Peace Union – later The Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs. Through this organisation, Carnegie hoped to make war obsolete.1

1914 Peace

The end of the First World War marked a monumental moment in history, as the world slowly but surely began to move towards normality once again.

The 1924 Conference on Some Living Religions Within the Empire was a continuation of such endeavours and was graced with an address by Hazrat Musleh-e-Maud, Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmud Ahmadra. This conference was convened at the Imperial Institute in London from 22 September to 3 October.

This was followed by multiple efforts to hold worldwide religious conferences, for instance, in the late 1920s, the Church Peace Union of America put forward the idea of the Universal Religious Peace Conference. Hazrat Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dardra – the then Imam of the Fazl Mosque – was a member of its Provisional Committee and represented Islam in the Preliminary Meeting in September 1928. The aim of this proposed conference was to gather representatives from all countries and all faiths to deal with those questions which affect human brotherhood and international concord.

Committee
League of Nations Records, UNO Archives

The Ahmadiyya Archive & Research Centre has been able to gather details of this proposed conference and the proceedings of its preliminary meeting, and this article aims to present a glimpse of it.

Proposal for the Universal Religious Peace Conference

The suggestion to hold an Universal Religious Peace Conference was proposed by the Trustees of the Church Peace Union in 1924. This organization, in its plans to enlist religious-minded people and organise them against war and for peace, came to recognise that if its work is to be effective it must include in its program all the religions of the world.2

An initial announcement was made in June 1925, which was widely circulated in the press. A Canadian newspaper reported under the heading “World Peace”:

“To study world peace from the viewpoint of the world’s eleven leading religions a congress is being planned by the Church Peace union, founded by Andrew Carnegie, to be held at Geneva in 1928 by 1,000 representatives of these religions. They will be Christians, Jews, Moslems, Buddhists, Confucianists, Shintoists, Taoists, Hindus, Parsees, Jains and Sikhs. The congress will last fifteen days. It will organize and hear keynote addresses the first two days and hear representatives of each religion talk on a separate day on the topic: ‘What can my religion contribute to International justice and goodwill?’ The languages spoken will be English, French and German.”3

The Jewish Criterion of 18 June 1926 and The Restoration Herald of September 1926 also announced the proposal of this conference.

Announcement 1925

Among the English press of that time, The Review of Religions represented the Ahmadiyya viewpoint globally. We find that in its June 1925 issue, it mentioned this proposed conference under the heading “Congress of Religions”, and wrote:

“For the purpose of bringing the combined influences of the world’s leading religious faiths to bear upon the problem of world peace, an International Religious Congress will be held at Geneva in August, 1928. The first announcement of the Congress was made today at the headquarters of the Church Peace Union following a meeting of the trustees of that organisation.”4

A French-language Swiss newspaper, Gazette de Lausanne of 22 February 1928, announced the Preliminary Meeting of this proposed conference under the heading “World Conference of Religions for Peace” and wrote that The Universal Religious Peace Conference is scheduled to convene on 12-14 September 1928 in Geneva “which will be a preliminary conference only to prepare a much larger event planned for the year 1930.”

The New York Herald Tribune of 17 June 1928 also wrote about this upcoming meeting and stated, “Sir Eric Drummond, of the League of Nations, expressed himself as keenly interested ‘in the definition of the questions the conference will discuss.’”

Maulvi A. R. Dardra

Hazrat Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dardra, commonly known as “Maulvi A. R. Dard”, was a missionary of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and the Imam of the London Mosque. The Church Peace Union invited him as the representative of Islam and also nominated him as a member of the Provisional Committee for this proposed conference. During the Preliminary Meeting of this Conference in September 1928, Maulvi A. R. Dardra delivered a speech, representing the Islamic teachings.

Invitation and official report to The League of Nations

The records held at The League of Nations suggest that on 15 August 1928, the General Secretary of the Universal Religious Peace Conference, Dr Henry A Atkinson sent an invitation to Sir Eric Drummond, Secretary-General of The League of Nations. Dr Atkinson also served as the Executive Secretary of the Church Peace Union from 1918 to 1955. He wrote:

“I have the honor to hand you herewith the programme for the Preliminary Conference in preparation for the Universal Religious Peace Conference, of which I had the pleasure of telling you some years ago. We plan to have a meeting of about eighty persons. Up to the present, we have acceptances from almost a hundred and representatives of every one of the world’s great religions. It promises to be an important and impressive gathering. We would be very happy indeed if, in the midst of your busy days, you could look in, if only for a few minutes, during our sessions.”5

Invitation 1928 League
League of Nations Records, UNO Archives

The Preliminary Meeting was convened in Geneva, Switzerland, on 12-14 September 1928. Thereafter, on 24 December 1928, the General Secretary of the Universal Religious Peace Conference sent a report of this meeting to the Secretary-General of the League. The covering letter from Dr Atkinson stated:

“I take pleasure in sending you herewith a pamphlet which gives the story of the remarkable preliminary conference held in Geneva, Switzerland, September 12 to 14, to make arrangements for calling a World Peace Conference of all religions in 1930.

“One hundred and ninety-one delegates were present, adherents of eleven religions. The speeches and discussions all showed a remarkable unanimity in ideals and teaching regarding universal brotherhood and peace.”6

Speech in Official Report 1
League of Nations Records, UNO Archives

The report mentioned that “Maulvi A. R. Dard” participated in the meeting, “representing the Moslems.” Mentioning the speech by Hazrat Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dardra on 12 September 1928, the report wrote:

“Beginning with a Moslem prayer, the white-turbanned Maulvi A. R. Dard, of the London Mosque, congratulated the Church Peace Union on convening the conference. The 235 million Moslems of the world welcome this movement which seeks to transcend race, cast, color.

“‘As soon as religion sets its own house in order, world peace will not take long to follow”, Mr. Dard continued.”7

Narrating about the Preliminary Meeting’s proceedings, the Educational Secretary of the Church Peace Union, Rev Frederick Lynch, mentioned that “Mohammedanism was represented by Maulve A. R. Dard, one of the outstanding leaders of the Moslem world […].”8

Press coverage on the proceedings

News 1928 Meeting Dard Sahib

A Swiss newspaper, Journal de Geneve – dated 13 September 1928 – reported on this meeting, under the heading “Preliminary Conference for the Organization of the Universal Congress of Religious Forces for Peace” and wrote that  “a delegate from the London Mosque in a white turban, Maulvi A. R. Dard, who, before speaking, recited a religious cantilena.” The article expressed that the scene was “picturesque” as the attendees of this gathering also included “an Orthodox bishop” and “a Mohammedan in a turban”.

The same periodical, in its 14 September 1928 issue, published a short report of this meeting under the heading “Report of the First Committee” and stated that “the committee recommended that the congress should meet in 1930, the choice of the place being left to the executive committee, but it appears that an Eastern country will be chosen, in accordance with the wish expressed by the delegates from India.”

La Tribune de Geneve of 14 September 1928 also wrote that “Mr. Maulvi A. R. Dard, of the London Mosque, said that the 235 million Muslims welcomed the movement to eliminate differences of race, caste and colour.”

Feuille d’avis de Lausanne of 15 September 1928, published a photograph with the following caption:

“The Preliminary Meeting for the Organization of the Universal Congress of Religious Forces for Peace took place on Wednesday in the Salle de l’Athénée, Geneva.

“From left to right: Dr. Jal Pavry (son of the High Priest of Bombay); A. R. Dard, Imam of the London Mosque; Dr. Cheng-Huan-Chang of Peking, Miss Bapsy Pavry (daughter of the High Priest of Bombay); the Secretary of Dr and Miss Pavry; on the extreme right: Metropolitan Denis of the Orthodox Church of Warsaw.”

Dard Sahib 1928 Photo

The same photograph was published by The Review of Reviews in June 1929.

This meeting caught considerable attention from the American and British press. For instance, a British newspaper, the Daily News and Westminster Gazette of 13 September 1928 wrote:

“Geneva, Wednesday – A preliminary conference to make arrangements for a universal religious peace conference opened here this morning under the presidency of Dean Shailer Mathews, of Chicago University. The speakers included Dr. J. Hertz, Chief Rabbi in the British Empire, London: Professor Tomoeda, Japan, representing the Shinto religion: Maulvi Daro [sic., Dard], of the London Mosque, representing the Moslem world […]. All spoke in favour of religious brotherhood and declared that it was for the religious mind of the world to prevent wars. Three committees were appointed to consider various aspects of the proposed conference.”

The Christian Register of 11 October 1928 also published a detailed report, along with a photograph.

Dard Sahib 1928 Geneva

A Finnish periodical, Församlingsbladet, mentioned this meeting in its 8 November 1928 issue and quoted Dard Sahib’sra speech. In December 1928, another Finnish periodical, Teosofin Joulu, mentioned this meeting and wrote that “among others, the Islamic missionary, A. R. Dard, the Hindu Chatterji, and the Confucian Chen Huan Chang had arrived there, and together with representatives and leaders of Christian churches, such as the Archbishop of Warsaw of the Greek Catholic Church, they negotiated about interfaith cooperation.”

An American newspaper, The Birmingham News of Alabama, dated 4 November 1928, wrote that “A. R. Dard, the Mohammendan, said: ‘I am convinced that 235,000,000 Moslems of the world will welcome this peace effort, which promises to transcend all consideration of race, religion, caste and color.’”

Transcript of Dard Sahib’s speech

Official Report Speech 1928 Dard Sahib

The official records of this proposed conference have provided the complete transcript of the speech delivered by Hazrat Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dardra at the Preliminary Meeting. The record states:

“Maulvi A. R. Dard a Muslim of India, commenced his address with a prayer in Arabic: ‘We should worship God alone who is Love.’ Then he said, ‘I thank God for having been given the opportunity of attending this Conference. The Holy Quran prophesied 1300 years ago that a time was to come when such conferences on religion would be held, and it is a great pleasure for me to see that the same Word of God is being fulfilled now in a wonderful manner. I must congratulate the convenors of this Conference on their having been selected to be the instruments through which this prophecy should be fulfilled.

“‘The very word Islam, by which our faith is known, means peace. The name of our God is peace. Our daily Muslim greeting to one another, here and hereafter, is ‘Peace be on you.’ A Muslim is one, says the founder of Islam, who brings about and helps peace among mankind with all that lies in his power. The heaven promised to Muslims in the next world is an abode of peace. Hence it is the sacred duty of all the Muslims of the world, which number about 235 millions, to help and welcome the convening of this Religious Peace Conference. Islam, moreover, is an international religion. It transcends all barriers of caste, color and country. Muslims from all parts of the world gather together every year at its birthplace and pay homage to the God of Abraham, Moses and Jesus and of all the world. A king kneels humbly by the side of a beggar and a white man prostrates with a black man, for before God all are equal. After all we are all members of one and the same human family and our common denominator is God Himself. Let us, therefore, work for peace and let us not be satisfied unless and until it is fully realized.

“‘The sphere of politics is too narrow for the growing magnitude of the world. Politics imply compulsion in one form or another. It is no good compelling people from without. All such efforts are bound to result in failure. The political atmosphere of the world today seems to be surcharged with mistrust and suspicion and the great cauldron is seething with discontent and dissatisfaction. Side by side with the signing of the peace pacts preparations are secretly made by all nations for war. The deadliest weapons are invented for destruction. Religion has often been made a tool for the furtherance of political and economic ends. Religious differences themselves have in the past been the cause of much ill feeling and bitterness between peoples and nations. People have been ignoring, depreciating and attacking faiths other than their own, but never before in the history of the world has there been a determined attempt such as this to take a distinctly different attitude and bring about definite cooperation between groups of religions for the purpose of serving the humanity of all the world. Now is the time to come together and make a definite advance. Religion should set its own house in order. How can Moses be a Prince of peace, how can Mohammad be a Prince of peace, how can Jesus be a Prince of peace, how can Krishna be a Prince of peace, if we all continue to wrangle over our petty differences? Let us be reconciled to one another – not in mere tolerance, but love. The further we go from one another, the greater will be our distance from our Heavenly Father. Let us therefore come together and approach the centre of our faith, each in his own way, and as we come together the nearer we will be to God just in proportion as we are near to each other. The world needs peace; it is crying out again for a Prince of Peace. Let us listen to the Divine call and let us start our work together. May God help us.’”9

The details of the proceedings of this conference have also been narrated by its General Secretary – Dr Henry A Atkinson – in his book, titled The World’s Religions Against War.

Official Report Speech 1928 AR Dard

What happened to this Conference?

Later on, the Universal Religious Peace Conference was renamed as “World Conference for International Peace Through Religion”. The Executive Committee had further meetings: In Frankfurt in August 1929, in Berne in August 1930, in Geneva in August 1931 and again in Geneva in August 1932.

In the Berne meeting of 1930, it was decided that the religious conference would be held in Washington D.C. in November 1932. However, during the 1932 meeting at Geneva it was decided to postpone the idea. Elaborating on this, the official report stated:

“This plan has now been somewhat modified and the Executive Body of the World Conference for International Peace Through Religion is at present centering its attention more on organising national committees; in collecting data and materials which will be helpful to these national committees as well as to other bodies, such as the League of Nations, the International Labour Office, etc; and in promoting peace in such national and international areas where misunderstanding is rife. The plan, however, of holding a universal conference in Washington this year has now been postponed.”10

Postponed
League of Nations Records, UNO Archives

The Church Peace Union is  now known as The Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs. After World War II, the Church Peace Union highlighted the need for a World Congress of Religion. Hence, they proposed the conference to be held in October 1948, in Boston.

In 1947, the Educational Secretary of the Church Peace Union, A William Loos, narrated the history of their endeavours for world peace. He stated that the recent calls were “not a completely new venture on the part of the Church Peace Union. In 1925 a committee was set up to study the possibilities of holding a world conference of religious leaders. Preliminary meetings were held; and in 1928 a major conference was convened in Geneva, attended by 191 delegates who were adherents of eleven religious systems: Buddhism, Confucianism, Christianity, Islam, Shinto, Zoroastrianism, Bahaism, Theosophy, Ethical Culture, Judaism, and Hinduism.

“The tidal wave of reaction and repression that swept over the world in the 1930’s submerged the work. Following Mussolini came Hitler, and many a lesser dictator in other nations, all of them committed to an anti-democratic campaign of hate, intolerance, and brutality. Then came World War II and all plans for a World Congress had to be cancelled.

“Now, in this hectic period after World War II, we are faced with new symptoms of the old evils, which destroyed the League of Nations and threaten to make our century the bloodiest and most tragic in history. Our civilization can be saved, say the sponsors of this World Congress, if we are willing to use conscience and good sense.”11

He further wrote that “the Church Peace Union proposes to complete the task it undertook in 1928 by setting up a worldwide Committee of One Thousand, which will be recognized as the constituency of the Congress.”12

In 1948, the Church Peace Union organised the Conference of Religion for Moral and Spiritual Support of the United Nations13, where The World Alliance for International Friendship Through Religion was established to hold such religious conferences in the future. This organisation, in cooperation with the Church Peace Union, continued its endeavours in the years to come, however, this article does not intend to go into those details.

Endnotes

1. The New York Times, 12 February 1914, p. 8

2. The Geneva Preliminary Meeting of the Universal Religious Peace Conference, September, 1928

3. The Hamilton Spectator, 27 June 1925, p. 10

4. The Review of Religions, Vol. 24, No. 6, June 1925, p. 19

5. League of Nations Records, UNO Archives, “World Conference for International Peace Through Religion, Washington, November 1932”, Reference code: R3291/13/3437/510.

6. Ibid.

7. Ibid.

8. The Christian Union Quarterly, January 1929, Vol. XVIII, No. 3, p. 189

9. The Geneva Preliminary Meeting of the Universal Religious Peace Conference, September, 1928

10. League of Nations Records, UNO Archives, “World Conference for International Peace Through Religion, Washington, November 1932”, Reference code: R3291/13/3437/510.

11. The Witness, 16 October 1947, p. 9

12. Ibid.

13. Ibid., 16 December 1948, pp. 12-13
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Chicago: The World Fellowship of Faiths in 1930s

World Fellowship of Faiths in Chicago & London, 1930s: Hazrat Musleh-e-Maud’s messages and speeches by his representatives

World Fellowship of Faiths in Chicago & London, 1930s: Hazrat Musleh-e-Maud’s messages and speeches by his representatives

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Ata-ul-Haye Nasir, Ahmadiyya Archive & Research Centre
Chicago
Some of the representatives at the 1933 World Fellowship of Faiths in Chicago

In September 1893, the “World’s Parliament of Religions” was held as part of the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago, and this event, according to The Toronto Mail, marked “a distinct stage in the history of religion” and that “there was never a time in all the past in which such a gathering could have taken place.”1

The 1924 Conference on Some Living Religions Within the Empire was a continuation of such endeavours and was graced with an address by Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra. This was followed by multiple efforts to hold worldwide religious conferences.

For instance, in the late 1920s, the Church Peace Union of America put forward the idea of the Universal Religious Peace Conference. Hazrat Maulvi AR Dardra – the then Imam of the Fazl Mosque – was a member of its Provisional Committee and represented Islam in the Preliminary Meeting in September 1928.

Another such endeavour was the First International Congress of the World Fellowship of Faiths – also known as the Second World’s Parliament of Religions – held in Chicago. This event featured 83 meetings, during which 242 addresses were delivered by 199 speakers from various faiths, races, and countries.

1933 Fellowship Ahmadiyya

World Fellowship of Faiths and Ahmadiyya missionaries

The World Fellowship of Faiths was a fruit of the efforts – spanning around 25 years – of various movements, which joined together to fulfil their common goal: fostering religious and cultural unity.

In England in 1910, “The Union of East and West” began its work for cultural unity. It was established by Kedar Nath Das Gupta, who also had the opportunity to have meetings with Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra during his visit to England in 1924. In 1918, “The League of Neighbors,” established by Charles Frederick Weller, commenced working for racial unity in America. In 1924, the “Fellowship of Faiths” also began developing spiritual unity.2

Particularly looking at the Fellowship of Faiths, we learn that it held regular meetings. For instance, on 21 July 1927, a meeting was held at the City Temple London, and according to the Westminster Gazette, it was attended by Hazrat Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dardra who delivered a speech as well.3

Dard Sahib Photo
League of Nations Records, UNO Archives

This meeting was reported by many other periodicals, such as The Christian Century of 25 August 1927, Prabuddha Bharata of September 1927, The Unity of 17 October 1927, Buddhism in England (Vol. 2, No. 4), and The Australian Jewish Herald of 3 November 1927.

Another meeting was held on 3 October 1927 and attended by Dard SahibraThe Advertiser of Adelaide reported:

“One is apt, after reading ‘Sheik’ novels, to imagine that the true believer in Islam shouts ‘death to the infidel’ immediately he sees a Christian. Yet the Moslem believes Christ to have been a true prophet of God; his name is mentioned 23 times in the Koran – nine times as the Messiah – while His Mother’s name appears 31 times.

“These facts were made known by Maulvi A. R. Dard, of the London Mosque, at one of the most cosmopolitan gatherings ever held in London.”4

The above-mentioned movements were incorporated in 1928 as “The Threefold Movement – Union of East and West, League of Neighbors, Fellowship of Faiths,” and a joint work developed into the “World Fellowship of Faiths” in 1929.

A report on the activities of The Threefold Movement between October 1928 and June 1929, states, “Three visits to the London Mosque at Southfields were arranged, by request, in May and June.”5

Visits to London Mosque 1

The Fellowship of Faiths was active in Chicago as well and held regular meetings. The first mass meeting was held on 17 May 1929 and the Ahmadiyya missionary, Sufi Mutiur Rahman Sahib Bengalee, represented Islam.6 Announcing this meeting, the Chicago Daily Tribune wrote, “The service will open with the famous Moslem call to prayer by Sufi M. R. Bengalee, head of the Indian-Mohammedan missionary effort in America.”7 Sufi Sahib represented Islam at further meetings also, for instance, in April 19308 and May 1932.9

This movement faced some criticism from the Christians there. An editorial of The Sunday School Times of Philadelphia criticised it and mentioned the Ahmadiyya missionary:

“Six of these local branches are preparing for a great meeting of the world-wide Fellowship of Faiths to be held in Chicago in 1933, and also for other local fellowships throughout the world. Well-known professing Christian leaders, even a bishop; are named on the Chicago committee, together with such names as Chandra Darma Sena Gooneratne, Sufi Mutiur Rahman Bengalee, and Rabbi Jacob Singer.”10

Chicago 1

First International Congress of the World Fellowship of Faiths

In 1933-34, following the trails of the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893, an exposition was held in America, titled “A Century of Progress International Exposition”, and just like 1893, it included a religious conference, known as the Second World’s Parliament of Religions. The first session was held on 18 June 1933 and the Culminating Convention Period spanned between 27 August to 17 September 1933.

In 1932, an American periodical mentioned the upcoming conference and gave a list of members of the General Committee of the Fellowship of Faiths in America, including Sufi Mutiur Rahman Sahib Bengalee.11

In a letter dated 23 February 1932, the General Executive of The Threefold Movement – Charles Frederick Weller – asked the Secretary-General of The League of Nations – Sir Eric Drummond – for his comments on the “‘Tentative Plans’ for the First World Fellowship of Faiths.”12 This letter shows the name of Sufi Mutiur Rahman Sahib among the committee members of Chicago’s Fellowship of Faiths.

Eric Drumond
League of Nations Records, UNO Archives

Thereafter, in a letter dated 15 June 1932, the Vice President of the World Fellowship of Faiths – Rabbi Stephen Samuel Wise – sent an invitation to the Secretary-General which was followed by an internal correspondence between the Information Section and the Assistant to the Secretary-General – Mr Wilson – who suggested that “the Secretary-General ought to send a friendly acknowledgment of this invitation but not very much more.” Thereafter, in a letter dated 25 July 1932, the World Fellowship of Faiths was made aware of his inability to attend the event.13

i) Invitation to Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra

Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra received an invitation from the Vice President of the World Fellowship of Faiths. The organisers requested Huzoorra to attend the conference personally, or at least send one or two representatives. Huzoorra instructed the missionaries in America, Sufi Mutiur Rahman Sahib Bengali and Mian Muhammad Yusuf Sahib, to attend the event, and graciously penned a powerful message to be read out there. This message was sent by telegram on 22 August 1933.14

The Indian Express wrote:

“According to the revised list there are to be over 260 speakers representing all the great religions as well as most of the less religious trends of social, political, and philosophical thought.”

The article further gave a list of Indian speakers and wrote, “Sufi Mutiur Rahman Bengalee, delegated by the Ahmadiyya movement in Islam, Qadian”.15

The First World Fellowship of Faiths of 1933, known as the Second Parliament of World’s Religions, differed from that of 1893 in two fundamentals:

“First; Not only all Religions were invited but all Faiths – all types of spiritual consciousness which are determining the actual lives of significant groups. Second; Instead of a competitive parade of rival religions, all were challenged to focus their best inspiration upon the solution of man’s Present Problems – such as War, Persecution, Prejudice, Poverty-Amidst-Plenty, Antagonistic Nationalisms, Ignorance, Hatred, Fear.”16

Reporting on its first meeting, The New York Times reported:

“Chicago, June 18 – The World Fellowship of Faiths, a parliament of religions, held its first meeting at the New England Congregational Church here tonight. Miss Jane Addams of Hull House presided. Prayers of a dozen different faiths were offered, including those of Africans and American Indians.”17

ii) Hazrat Musleh-e-Maud’sra message

message 1

The special message by Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra was read out by Sufi Mutiur Rahman Sahib during the Culminating Convention Period at the First International Congress of the World Fellowship of Faiths, on 27 August 1933.

The official record mentions:

“Sufi Mutiur Rahman Bengalee, of India, for Islam, read a Cabled Message from His Holiness Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad, Khalifa-tul-Masih II, Head of the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam, Quadian, India.”

The Civil and Military Gazette wrote under the heading “World Fellowship of Faith: A Greeting from Ahmadiyyas”:

“The World Fellowship of Faiths, an international body which is holding a conference in Chicago beginning on August 27, has received the following message from the head of the Ahmadiyya Community.” This was followed by the message.18

An article published in The Modern Review, titled “World Fellowship of Faiths” by Ida M Gurwell, stated:

“Then came the following greeting, in part, from Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmud Ahamad [sic.], Khalifa-Tul-Masih II, Head of the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam, Qudian [sic.], India.” This was followed by the message.19

Modern India

The transcript of Hazrat Khalifatul Masih II’sra message, according to the official records of the event, was as follows:

“I am deeply interested in the aims and objects of the World Fellowship of Faiths, for in these I see the fulfilment of the declaration made by the Holy Quran 1350 years ago namely that there is no nation in the world to which a prophet of God has not been sent and that unmixed evil can never find a lasting footing in the earth. The faiths that have been publicly preaching their teachings for hundreds and thousands of years and have succeeded in winning the zealous devotion of millions of men could not possibly have sprung from an impure and filthy source or lost all their original beauty and charm.

“I am not one of those who think that man can attain nearness to God by following any path but I do believe that in order to enable people to reach a tower of light well-lit roads are a necessity. He who makes the road dark does indeed try to make the tower desolate. Similarly one who sees the triumph of his own faith by finding fault with others is woefully misguided. If the light of God is not present in every country and every nation in some form or other, people will lose their power of vision and when the power of vision is lost light is of no avail. Those, therefore, who strive to make people acquainted with the truth that every faith possesses some beauty in one form or another, render a meritorious service in keeping the standard of truth erect.

“It is for this reason that I think that the World Fellowship of Faiths is rendering a great service to the world and it is necessary that the efforts of this movement should be extended and helped in all parts of the world. I as Head of the Ahmadiya Community, promise to render this society every help in my power and I assure them that in these days the will of our Lord God is also in support of their efforts. The angels in heaven are sounding the trumpet of peace. He who does not listen to this heavenly call today shall listen to it tomorrow and he who will not listen to it tomorrow shall listen to it the day after but listen he shall. Blessed are they who bury the hatchet at the first call and extend to their brethren the hand of Peace and goodwill for it is they over whose hand will be the hand of God and it is they who will inherit the kingdom of Heaven.”20

Huzoor 1

iii) Letters from the Chairman and General Executive

This message impressed the audience and Francis J McConnell (1871-1953), Chairman of the New York Committee of the World Fellowship of Faiths, wrote a letter of thanks to Huzoorra, mentioning that his message was read out at the opening of the Culminating Convention Period on 27 August 1933, in the afternoon, which was the peak time of that event. He remarked that all the listeners loved the pure words of Huzoorra.21

Mr Charles Frederick Weller (1870-1957), General Executive of the World Fellowship of Faiths, sent a letter of appreciation and wrote:

“We appreciate heartily the cabled greetings from Hazrat Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad[ra], Khalifa-tul-Masih II, Head of the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam, Qadian, India. His inspiring message was read at the opening of the Culminating Convention Period of the World Fellowship of Faiths on Sunday evening, August 27, in the Hotel Morrison, Chicago. […]

“It is appropriate that Hazrat Khalifa-tul-Masih’s message was read at the opening session by Sufi Mutiur Rahman Bengalee, who has been an intimate friend of the Fellowship of Faiths and a prominent speaker in many of the meetings since he came to America in 1929.”22

Mentioning the three Ahmadi speakers during the conference, he said:

“Through these three leaders who were personally present at several sessions and through the helpful message which came directly from Hazrat, Khalifa-tul-Masih, the Head of the Ahmadiyya Movement, we were made to feel – and to appreciate very heartily – the high idealism, the neighbourly cooperation, and the deeply religious consciousness with which the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam contributed leadership and labor to the success of the World Fellowship of Faiths.”23

iv) Speeches by Ahmadi representatives

On 1 September 1933, Hazrat Sir Zafrulla Khanra delivered a speech at the conference on “Islam promoting world unity, peace and progress”.24

Mr Charles Frederick Weller expressed:

“The Hon. Chaudhry Zafarulla Khan, B.A., LL.B., M.L.C., Bar-at-Law, former President of the All-India Moslem League, made a profound impression by his modest but masterly address at the evening session, Friday, September first, on ‘Islam Promoting World Unity, Peace and Progress.’ His leadership was also helpfully manifested in the intimate conference of speakers from many lands who helped to form the new Working Committee in India of the World Fellowship of Faiths. Mr. Khan pleased us all by accepting membership in this Indian Working Committee and in the International Committee which is to be developed – with His Highness the Maharaja Gaekwar of Baroda, India, as International President. Mr. Khan’s promised leadership and labor in behalf of the World Fellowship of Faiths is an appreciated, great acquisition to the cause.”25

On 5 September 1933, Dr Muhammad Yusuf Khan Sahib delivered a speech on “Islam Overcoming Racial and Religious Prejudices”.26

Mr Charles Frederick Weller expressed:

“Dr. M. Yousuf Khan, delegated by the Head of the Ahmadiyya Movement, gave an admirable address in the evening session, Tuesday, September 5, on ‘Overcoming Racial and Religious Prejudices.’”27

On 14 September 1933, Sufi Mutiur Rahman Sahib delivered a speech at the conference on “Islam: The Solution of the World Problems”.28

Mr Charles Frederick Weller expressed:

“Sufi Bengalee’s thoughtful, informing address on ‘Islam the Solution of World Problems’, was an effective contribution to the evening session, on Thursday, September 14.”29

World Fellowship of Faiths in England

Badge 1
Official badge of the 1936 World Congress of Faiths. This particular badge belonged to Sir Francis Younghusband. | © Archives and Special Collections at the University of Southampton Library. This image cannot be reproduced without the permission from the University of Southampton Library

Sir Francis Edward Younghusband, KCSI KCIE (1863-1942) was the British Chairman of the World Fellowship of Faiths. He could not attend the 1933 conference in Chicago. However, he attended a few meetings in 1934 which were held as an extension to this in New York and some other places.

Sir Francis decided to expand the idea of such a conference to England as well. Hence, he announced that the Second International Congress of the World Fellowship of Faiths, commonly known as the World Congress of Faiths, would be held in July 1936. Hazrat Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dardra was a member of the British National Council of this Congress.

World Congress of Faiths 1936 Council

As mentioned above, Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra had also wished in his special message for the First International Congress that “the World Fellowship of Faiths is rendering a great service to the world and it is necessary that the efforts of this movement should be extended and helped in all parts of the world.”30

The official prospectus of the World Congress of Faiths stated:

“At the First International Congress of the World Fellowship of Faiths held in Chicago in 1933 a suggestion was made that a second Congress should be held in London in 1936. Those interested in the proposal held a meeting in London in November 1934, and decided to form a British National Council to carry out this suggestion.

1936 Minutes 1
The handwritten minutes, by Sir Francis Younghusband, of the November 1934 meeting. | © Archives and Special Collections at the University of Southampton Library. This image cannot be reproduced without the permission from the University of Southampton Library

“At the first meeting of this Council, on the motion of Sir Evelyn Wrench, seconded by Sir Ronald Storrs, Sir Francis Younghusband was elected Chairman, and the Council then appointed an Executive Committee to carry out the more detailed work of organisation.”31

As mentioned above, the Second International Congress of the World Fellowship of Faiths was held in London, in July 1936.

i) Hazrat Musleh-e-Maud’sra message

Looking at the official records of the 1936 World Congress of Faiths, we find that Hazrat Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dardra represented Islam and read out the special message from Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra and the English rendering of a Persian poem of the Promised Messiahas during his speech on 16 July 1936.

1936 Address 1
© Archives and Special Collections at the University of Southampton Library. This image cannot be reproduced without the permission from the University of Southampton Library

In his message, Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra said:

“Sisters and brothers, God has created us so that we may become manifestations of His glory and absorb His attributes in our own persons. Until we have attained this object we cannot be called successful. Of what significance is our worldly advancement? It has no greater value than a mere pastime. Of what use can all this advancement be to us if we displease our God and shut upon us the door of eternal advancement? Even if we are great inventors in the sphere of this material world but if we do not turn our attention to that knowledge by means of which we may attain to light in our eternal life, our case is like that of a school-boy who plays the whole day long and is pleased with the idea that he has overcome his adversary in a play competition but pays no heed to that contest which will reform his whole life.

“Real life is that which knows no end and real pleasure is that which is always increasing. So turn to eternal life, everlasting pleasure and real knowledge, so that you may enjoy the peace of both the worlds and may please God just as you seek to please the people of the world.”

1936 Address Poem 1
© Archives and Special Collections at the University of Southampton Library. This image cannot be reproduced without the permission from the University of Southampton Library

ii) Hazrat Maulvi A. R. Dard’sra speech

Rev Dr Marcus Braybrooke – the current Joint President of the World Congress of Faiths – has narrated the details of this Congress, and mentioned the Ahmadiyya missionary in the following words:

“On the one hand, the Revd P. T. R. Kirk claimed that Christianity must be accepted by the whole of mankind, and Moulvri [sic.] A. R. Dard made a similar claim for the Ahmadiyya community.”32

Sir Francis has also written that following Rev Kirk’s speech, “Maulvi Dard led the debate. He is the zealous Minister of the Mosque at Wimbledon, and a missionary of the Qadiani Sect. With perfect courtesy he disagreed with some of Mr. Kirk’s conclusions. Especially did he disagree with the statements: (1) that Western civilisation alone holds the key to reconciliation; (2) that it is in Christ alone and at His Cross that reconciliation will be found, and (3) that the real issue today is Christ or atheism. ‘I have a profound conviction,’ said the Maulvi, ‘that Islam alone can establish peace and true fellowship among mankind, because it is the final and the fullest revelation of God.’”

He further wrote that answering the question that if God loves His creatures, why should He not guide erring humanity by His word?, “the Maulvi replied that God had sent His word even today by the mouth of Ahmad of Qadian, just as He spoke to the Prophets and Saints of yore.”33

The Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star – an organ of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, reported, “President Merrill takes the chair at the afternoon session, Thursday, July 16, with the Reverend P. T. R. Kirk as the speaker and Moulvi A. R. Dard leading the debate. […] Moulvi A. R. Dard is a Muslim. He is Imam (officiating priest of a mosque) of London, and a member of Ahmadiya Community.”34

iii) Ahmadi representatives at further meetings of the Congress

We learn an interesting fact from the official records that during a meeting of the Executive Committee, on 27 April 1937, Sir Francis said that during his recent visit to India, he spoke at various events, including one organised by the “Ahmadya Community”.

MS222 A826 1 11 f2 27Apr1937 p1 1
© Archives and Special Collections at the University of Southampton Library. This image cannot be reproduced without the permission from the University of Southampton Library

In June 1937, a meeting of the World Fellowship of Faiths was held in Fleetwood, where Hazrat Maulana Jalal-ud-Din Shamsra and Hazrat Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dardra represented Islam. A newspaper announced:

“The preacher at the morning service will be Maulana J. D. Shams, a distinguished Arab, and in the evening Mrs. Clarence Gasque, mother-in-law of Blackpool’s M.P., and international director of the World Fellowship of Faiths, will give the address.”35

Concerning Mrs Gasque, it is important to note that during her visit to India in 1938, it was reported by the press that she was expected to meet various leaders of India, including “the head of the Ahmadiyya Movement.”36

The Lancashire Daily Post of 8 June 1937 mentioned the “Burnley Faith Fellowship Meeting” and reported that it was “presided over by Mr. W. Munn Rankin, principal of Burnley Technical College, and supporting were the Rev. C. B. Johnson, Burnley; the Rev. A. Porter, Fleetwood: Hindu Kedar Nath Das Gupta, Moslem Moulana J. D. Shams and Charles F. Weller, American.”

Shams Sahib

The Fleetwood Chronicle of 11 June 1937 mentioned this meeting under the heading “Turbans in Pulpit”.

A month later, in July 1937, the International Assembly of the World Fellowship of Faiths was held where Ahmadi missionaries and Hazrat Sir Zafrulla Khanra delivered speeches.

The official records of the World Congress of Faiths show that during a meeting of the Executive Committee in May 1937, it was suggested that Sir Zafrulla Khanra be requested to speak at an upcoming Public Meeting on “The World’s need of Religion” and during the next meeting, it was informed that Sir Zafrulla Khanra spoke on telephone, saying that he would confirm about his availability in a few days.

Zafrulla Sahib 1937
© Archives and Special Collections at the University of Southampton Library. This image cannot be reproduced without the permission from the University of Southampton Library

A news report stated under the heading “World Fellowship of Faiths: Southfields Imam Speaks”:

“His Eminence the imam of the London Mosque. Southfields, Moulvi A. R. Dard. M.A. B.T. spoke on Wednesday afternoon at the International Assembly of the World Fellowship of Faiths, at Whitefield’s Institute, Tottenham Court-road. He dealt with religious work in churches, mosques, etc. The Imam is a missionary to England from the Ahmadiyya Movement, which was responsible for the building of the London Mosque.

“The deputy Imam of the Mosque, Maulana J. D. Shams, gave the call to prayer at the opening session of the assembly on Wednesday last week.

“Sir Mohammad Zafrullah Khan, who addressed a meeting at the City Temple, attends the mosque at Southfields, and is a member of the community. He is a Moslem leader in India, a member of the Governor-General’s Executive Council, and was an Indian representative at the King’s Coronation.”37

16 July 1937

It was reported in Al Fazl on 8 August 1937 that during his speech, Hazrat Maulvi Abdur Rahim Dardra read out an excerpt from a book of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra, titled Ahmadiyyat.

In the following years, various meetings of the World Congress of Faiths were also held and attended by Ahmadi missionaries as representatives of Islam where they spoke about the need for world peace and religious harmony. Hazrat Maulvi Jalal-ud-Din Shamsra was also a member of the British National Council of this Congress, as can be seen in the official records.

Shams Sahib
© Archives and Special Collections at the University of Southampton Library. This image cannot be reproduced without the permission from the University of Southampton Library

The Ahmadiyya missionaries, during their speeches at those congresses, highlighted the fact that the Promised Messiah whose advent was awaited by all major religions has already come and it is through him alone that the world can unite together and witness a lasting peace.

Endnotes

1. The Toronto Mail, 26 January 1894, p. 4

2. League of Nations Records, UNO Archives, “Publicity – Lectures by Mr. Habicht – Various correspondence”, Reference code: R5165/13/15407/1265.

3. Westminster Gazette, 22 July 1927, p. 2

4. The Advertiser of Adelaide, 10 December 1927

5. League of Nations Records, UNO Archives, “The Threefold Movement – Union of East and West – The League of Neighbours – Fellowship of Faiths”, Reference code: R3583/50/6842/6842

6. The Occult Digest, July 1929, Vol. V, No. 7, p. 25

7. Chicago Daily Tribune, 10 May 1929, p. 1

8. The Christian Century, 23 April 1930, Vol. XLVII, No. 7, p. 540

9. The Community Churchman, May 1932, Vol. XII, No. 2, p. 14

10. The Sunday School Times, 12 September 1931, p. 1

11. The Jewish Theosophist, April-June 1932, p. 3

12. League of Nations Records, UNO Archives, “Correspondence with Chicago’s Fellowship of Faiths”, Reference code: R3605/50/32493/32493.

13. Ibid., “The Threefold Movement – Union of East and West – The League of Neighbours – Fellowship of Faiths”, Reference code: R3583/50/6842/6842

14. Tarikh-e-Ahmadiyyat, Vol. 6, p. 118

15. The Indian Express, 7 October 1933, p. 9

16. World Fellowship: Addresses and Messages by Leading Spokesmen of All Faiths, Races and Countries, [Ed.] Charles Frederick Weller, Liveright Publishing Corporation, New York, 1938, p. 501

17. The New York Times, 19 June 1933

18. The Civil and Military Gazette, 23 August 1933, p. 1

19. The Modern Review, July 1934, p. 34

20. World Fellowship: Addresses and Messages by Leading Spokesmen of All Faiths, Races and Countries, [Ed.] Charles Frederick Weller, Liveright Publishing Corporation, New York, 1938, pp. 16-17

21. Tarikh-e-Ahmadiyyat, Vol. 6, p. 119

22. The Moslem Sunrise, April-July 1933, p. 43

23. Ibid., p. 44

24. World Fellowship: Addresses and Messages by Leading Spokesmen of All Faiths, Races and Countries, [Ed.] Charles Frederick Weller, Liveright Publishing Corporation, New York, 1938, pp. 833-836

25. The Moslem Sunrise, April-July 1933, p. 43

26. World Fellowship: Addresses and Messages by Leading Spokesmen of All Faiths, Races and Countries, [Ed.] Charles Frederick Weller, Liveright Publishing Corporation, New York, 1938, pp. 836-840

27. The Moslem Sunrise, April-July 1933, p. 43

28. World Fellowship: Addresses and Messages by Leading Spokesmen of All Faiths, Races and Countries, [Ed.] Charles Frederick Weller, Liveright Publishing Corporation, New York, 1938, pp. 840-851

29. The Moslem Sunrise, April-July 1933, p. 43

30. World Fellowship: Addresses and Messages by Leading Spokesmen of All Faiths, Races and Countries, [Ed.] Charles Frederick Weller, Liveright Publishing Corporation, New York, 1938, p. 17

31. League of Nations Records, UNO Archives, “Item WILPF/070_12 – Reel 70, 12/12”.

32. A Wider Vision: A History of the World Congress of Faiths 1936-1996, Oneworld Publications, Oxford, 1996, p. 45

33. A Venture of Faiths, pp. 109-110

34. The Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, 16 July 1936, Vol. 98, No. 29, p. 455

35. Fleetwood Chronicle, 4 June 1937, p. 6

36. The Bombay Chronicle, 13 February 1938

37. South Western Star, 16 July 1937, p. 10

_____________________________________________________________________________________________Links and Related Essays

The All-India-Kashmir-Committee (AIKC) of 1931

Church Peace Union, Universal Religious Peace Conference and an Ahmadiyya missionary

Review Of Religions – January 1924 Edition

The Life of Hadhrat Abdur Raheem Dard(ra)

https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29299/1/10731394.pdf—“Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and the Construction of the Ahmadi Identity”

http://alhafeez.org/rashid/british-jewish/bjc_10a.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_India_Kashmir_Committee

https://ahmadiyyafactcheckblog.com/2019/11/19/who-is-yusuf-shah-the-head-imam-of-the-kashmir-valley-in-1931-and-his-interactions-with-ahmadis/

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Facebook to its moderators: Look out for phrase ‘Free Kashmir’

https://ahmadiyyafactcheckblog.com/2019/06/29/is-there-only-one-ahmadiyya-place-of-worship-in-srinagar-kashmir-india/

https://ahmadiyyafactcheckblog.com/2019/11/07/sir-bertrand-james-glancy-governor-of-the-punjab-from-1941-and-1946-and-the-ahmadiyya-community/

https://ahmadiyyafactcheckblog.com/2019/11/03/the-other-shaikh-abdullah-in-ahmadiyya-history-aka-sher-e-kashmir-the-lion-of-kashmir5-december-1905-8-september-1982/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazl-i-Hussain

http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/csas/PDF/12_v33_1_18.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_India_Kashmir_Committee

https://www.dawn.com/news/1069712

https://ahmadiyyafactcheckblog.com/2019/11/18/who-is-sir-fazl-i-hussain-1877-1936-of-the-all-india-kashmir-committee-1931/

http://alhafeez.org/rashid/british-jewish/bjc_10a.htm

https://ahmadiyyafactcheckblog.com/2019/11/05/who-is-khwaja-jamal-ud-din/

Copland, Ian, “Islam and Political Mobilization in Kashmir, 1931-34”, which was published in an academic journal entitled: “PACIFIC AFFAIRS”, Vol. 54, No. 2 (Summer, 1981), pp. 228-259 (32 pages), Published by: Pacific Affairs, University of British Columbia

https://ahmadiyyafactcheckblog.com/2018/06/14/was-an-ahmadi-made-the-1st-president-of-azad-kashmir/

https://books.google.com/books?id=7RwFAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA59&lpg=PA59&dq=Kashmiri+polymath+and+lawyer+Molvi+Abdullah&source=bl&ots=ERVlCUPoNT&sig=ACfU3U28WcPfyTSvmZ79BlM0MAj7IK2raw&hl=en&ppis=_e&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiC-I_n9c7lAhXOvp4KHafTDkEQ6AEwDnoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=Kashmiri%20polymath%20and%20lawyer%20Molvi%20Abdullah&f=false

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_Kashmir_agitation

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https://ahmadiyyafactcheckblog.com/2017/07/17/ahmadis-were-declared-non-muslim-on-april-24-1973-in-azad-kashmir-through-efforts-of-sardar-abdul-qayyum/

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https://ahmadiyyafactcheckblog.com/2019/11/05/the-origins-of-the-quit-kashmir-movement-1931-1947/

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_Kashmir_agitation

In 1924, the Ahmadiyya Khalifa traveled from India to England and stopped in Egypt, Damascus and why?

An Ahmadiyya album from 1936 which proves that Ahmadiyya was supported and appreciated by the British

Who is M. Abdullah Sanauri (1864-1927)? The famous toilet attendant of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad – ahmadiyyafactcheckblog

Who is M. Abdullah Sanauri (1864-1927)? The famous toilet attendant of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad


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